| A | B |
|---|
| Louisiana Purchase | Jefferson bought the Louisiana Purchase, which doubled the size of the U.S., from France |
| Lewis and Clark | explored the Louisiana Purchase from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean |
| Florida | Spain gave it to the U.S. through a treaty |
| Texas | added after it became an independent republic |
| Oregon territory | divided by the U.S. and Great Britain |
| California | War with Mexico resulted in California and the southwest territory becoming part of the U.S. |
| Erie Canal | cheaper, faster transportation |
| Eli Whitney | cotton engine |
| cotton gin | In 1793, a machine was invented that separates fibers from seeds and increased the production of cotton and the need for slave labor |
| Cyrus McCormick and Jo Anderson | reaper |
| Robert Fulton | improved the steamboat |
| steamboat | provided faster river transportation |
| rivers | connected Southern plantations to northern industries and Western territories |
| inventor | the person who is first to think of or make something |
| entrepreneur | a person who organizes resources to bring new or better goods or services to market in hopes of earning a profit |
| technologies and inventions | impact society |
| reaper | in 1831, a mechanical machine was invented to cut down plants |
| benefit | something gained |
| cost | effort made to gain or achieve something |
| consequence | the result of an action |
| textile | cloth |
| manufacturing | the making of goods |
| Santa Fe | founded by Spanish colonists |
| Portugal | did not have extensive colonies in N. America |
| The Cumberland Gap | Emigrants used this passage as they made their way to Kentucky |
| The French and Indian War | France lost her colonies in N.A. after losing this war |
| 1803 | United States bought Louisiana from France |
| 1819 | Adams- Onis treaty established the boundary between SPanish and U.S. territories |
| 1836 | American settlers in Texas won their independence from Mexico |
| Platte River | Part of the Oregon Trail that follows the valley of this river |
| 1846 | Year the Mexican War began |
| Louisiana | purchased from France for 15 million dollars |
| Bent’s Fort | trading post built on the Arkansas River near the Rocky Mountains in 1833 |
| 1833 | Bent’s Fort was built on the Arkansas River near the Rocky Mountains |
| 1818 | U.S. and Great Britain agreed to jointly administer the Oregon Country |
| 1821 | Year that upper California was no longer a province of Mexico |
| 1862 | First Homestead Act passed |
| 1836 | Texas wins independence from Mexico |
| 1846 | U.S. invades Mexico |
| 1847 | Brigham Young and a group of Mormons arrive in Utah |
| 1848 | Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo is signed |
| Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | Mexico ceded California and present day American southwest to the United States |
| 1853 | Gadsden Purchase |
| American River | in 1848, gold is discovered in this river in California |
| 1860 | Abraham Lincoln is elected sixteenth president of the United States |
| 1861 | American Civil War begins |
| 1865 | Slavery is abolished by the 13th amendment to the Constitution |
| Manifest Destiny | doctrine used to rationalize the western expansion of the United States |
| 49th parallel | a treaty was signed in 1846 that extended the border westward from the continental divide to the Pacific Ocean |
| fur trade | the commerce that attracted mountain men to the western rivers |
| Zebulon Pike | American soldier and explorer who, in 1806, led an expedition to explore the western fringes of the Louisiana Territory |
| 1800 | Spain cedes Louisiana to France by secret treaty |
| 1821 | Mexico wins independence from Spain |
| 1869 | Completion of the first transcontinental railroad line |
