| A | B |
|---|
| What is the genetic material in almost all organims | DNA |
| Who made this discovery | Hershey and Chase |
| What is the shape of DNA | Double Helix |
| Who made the discovery of the shape of DNA | Watson and Crick |
| What do the letters in DNA stand for | Deoxyribonucieic acid |
| Where is DNA located in the cell | Nucleus |
| What is Replication | Process by which DNA is copied |
| Why does DNA replicate | To assure that every cell has a complete copy of DNA |
| How often does DNA replicate | Once during every round of the cells cycle |
| 3 parts of Nucleotides | A phosphate group, a ring-shaped sugar-deoxyribose, nitrogen-containing base |
| 4 Nitrogen bases in DNA | Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine |
| What are the base pairing rules | Thymine pairs with adenine, guanine pairs with cytosine |
| How are the complimentary pairs held together | Hydrogen bonds |
| What is the Central dogma | Controls information flow in one direction, From DNA to RNA to Proteins |
| What do the Letters RNA stand for | Ribonucleic acids |
| What are 3 different types of RNA and what does each of them do | mRNA-is an intermediate message that is translated to form a protein. Ribosomal RNA- Forms part of ribosomes, a cel's protein factories. tRNA-Brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome to help make the growing protein |
| What is Transcription | Process of copying a nucleotide sequence of DNA to form a complementary strand of mRNA |
| What is Translation | process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced |
| What is a codon | Sequence of three nucleotides that codes for one amino acid |
| What is the anti-codon | Set of three nucleotides in a tRNA molecule that binds to a complementary mRNA codon during translation |
| Where does translation take place | Cells cytoplasm-ribosomes |
| What does translation produce | Polypeptides-protein |
| What is the difference between the large and small subunits of the ribosome | Large binds to tRNA and Small binds to mRNA |
| What is the role of tRNA in protein production | brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosomes to help make growing protein |
| What is a mutation | Change in the DNA sequence |
| What is point mutation | Mutation that involves a substitution of only one nucleotide |
| What is a frameshift mutation | Mutation that involves the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in the DNA sequence |
| What are mutagens | Agent that can induce or increase the frequency of mutation in organisms |
