| A | B |
|---|
| test cross | when an unknown genotype is crossed with a homozygous recessive |
| Genetics | the study of heredity |
| Homozyguos | A term used to describe a genotype with two identical alleles |
| Genotype | The combination of two alleles that an organism inheritsfor a certain trait |
| heterozyguos | A term used to describe a genotype having unlike alleles |
| Alleles | Pairs alternate forms of a gene that occupy corresponding |
| Phenotype | The expression of an organism's traits as a result of its genetic makeup |
| Punnett Squares | A chart used to visualize all possible genotype of a genetic cross |
| Incomplete Dominance | A situation in which neither allele for a trait is dominantover the other |
| Dihybird Cross | A genetic cross involving two sets of traits |
| Crossing Over | Exchange of part etween two homologous chromosomes |
| Multiple Alleles | Three or more different alleles for a given trait |
| Autosome | Any chromosome other than the sex chromosomes |
| Sex Chromosome | One of a pair of chromosomes related to the sex of an individual |
| Sex-Linked gene | a gene located on, or linked to, the X chromosome |
| Hemophillia | a sex-linked disorder in humans in which bloos cannot clot |
| Mutations | a change in the genetic material that resultsfrom an error in replication of DNA |
| Nondisjunction | The failure of homologous chromosometo seregate decomposition |
| Sex-Linked Traits | a characteristic determined by genes on the X chromosomes |
| Down Syndrome | A group of symptoms including abnormal facial features and mental retardation resulting from an extra copy of the twenty-first chromosome |
| Polyploid | A condition of having a extra set of chromosomes |
| Translocation | a mutation in which a chromosomal pieces becomes attached to anotherchromosome; the transport of food through phleom of a vascular plant |
| Addition | a chromosome segment occurs when a segment breaks off one chromosome and becomes reattached to the homologous chromosome |
| Deletion | A mutation in which a chromsomal piece breaks off and is lost |
| Gene Mutation | A random change in the chemical make up the DNA |
| Mutagenic Agents | When agents increase the incidence of mutation |
| Adenine | A nitrogen base with the formula C5H5N5 found in DNA and RNA |
| Cytosine | A nitrogen base found in DNA and RNA |
| Guanine | A nitrogen base found in DNA and RNA |
| Thymine | a nitrogen base found only in DNA |
| Nucleotides | an organic molecule made of a five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group. and a nitrogen base |
| Phosphate Group | a functional group with the formula -PO3 |
| DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) | a nucleic acid found in the nucleus that contains the genetic information of a cell |
