| A | B |
|---|
| fjord | A long, narrow, deep inlet of the sea located between steep cliffs. |
| peninsula | Bodies of land, surrounded by water on three sides. |
| plain | A large, flat area of land, usually without many trees. |
| oligarchy | A system in which a few, powerful, wealthy individuals rule. |
| city-state | A central city and its surrounding villages. |
| polis | The central city of a city-state. |
| philosopher | A person who studies and thinks about why the world is the way it is. |
| Senate | The assembly of elected representatives that was the most powerful ruling body of the Roman Republic. |
| republic | A form of government in which people rule through elected representatives. |
| patrician | In ancient Rome, a member of a wealthy, landowning family that claimed to be able to trace its roots back to the founding of Rome. |
| medieval | Relating to the period of history between the fall of the Roman Empire and the beginning of the modern world. |
| empire | A nation or group of territories ruled by an emperor. |
| plebian | A common citizen of ancient Rome. |
| manorialism | In medieval Europe, a political and economic system in which lords gave land to less powerful nobles, called vassals, in retrun for which the vassals agreed to provide various services to the lords. |
| guild | A business association created by people working in the same industry to protect their common interests and maintain standards within the industry. |
| feudalism | A social system in which peasants worked on a lord's land and supplied him with food in exchange for his protection of them. |
