| A | B |
|---|
| evolution | change in the genetic makeup of a population or species over time |
| flagella | whiplike structure that grows out of a cell and enables it to move |
| glycogen | polymer of glycose used for short-term energy storage |
| Golgi apparatus | cell organelle of a eukaryotic cell that consists of flattened sacs and collects, packages, and distributes molecules produced by the cell |
| hydrogen bond | weak chemical bond in which a slightly positive hydrogen atom in a polar bond of one molecule is attracted to a slightly negative atom (usually oxygen or nitrogen) in a polar bond of another molecule |
| ion | electrically charged atom or molecule |
| ionic bond | chemical bond joining positive and negative atoms |
| light microscope | microscope that uses a beam of light passing through one or more lenses |
| lysosome | cell organelle of a eukaryotic containing hydrolytic, digestive enzymes |
| magnification | enlargement or enlarging of an image |
| microtubule | hollow protein fiber in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell involved in cell movement and structure |
| mitochondrion | cell organelle of a eukaryotic cell that supplies the cell with ATP by performing oxidative respiration |
| molecule | smallest particle of a substance that retains all the properties of the substance and is composed of two or more atoms bonded by the sharing of electrons |
| nuclear envelope | double membrane that surrounds the cell nucleus |
| nucleic acid | organic molecule that stores information for cell function; DNA or RNA |
| nucleotide | subunit of nucleic acidsconsisting of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group |
| nucleus | the organelle that houses the DNA of eukaryotic cells |
| organelle | subcellular structure that has a special function |
| peroxisome | intracellular, membrane-bound organelle that contains oxidative enzymes and carries out oxidative reactions |
| pH scale | method of relating the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution |
| plasma membrane | thin layer on the surface of all cells, consisting mainly of lipids and proteins |
| polar molecule | a molecule, such as water, that has positively and negatively charged ends |
| polypeptide | a chain of amino acids |
| polysaccharide | complex carbohydrate composed of three or more monosaccharides |
| prokaryotic | a cell without a nucleus |
| protein | organic compounds formed of one or more chains of polypeptides |
| resolution | in microscopes, the ability to distinguish small, close objects |
| ribosome | cytoplasmic organelle on which proteins are synthesized |
| RNA | a type of nucleic acid that participates in the expression of genes |
| saturated fat | fat that contains no C=C bonds |
| scanning electron microscope (SEM) | a microscope that scans the surface of an object with a beam of electrons, enabling the viewer to see three-dimensional images |
| starch | a storage form of glucose consisting of hundreds of glucose molecules |
| steroid | a class of lipids that includes cholesterol and some hormones |
| transmission electron microscope (TEM) | a microscope that produces a stream of electons that passes through a specimen and strikes a flourescent screen |
| unsaturated fat | fat that contains C=C bonds |
| vesicle | membrane-enclosed sac in a cell's interior |
