| A | B |
|---|
| pleural empyema | pus in the pleural cavity |
| usual pathogen in lung abcess | staph aureus |
| treatment of pleural empyema | chest tube |
| TB is highly communicable via | airborne transmission |
| percentage of TB that is inactive | 1/3 |
| TB symptoms | night sweats, low grade fever, anorexia, cough, fatigue |
| test for TB | sputum for AFB (acid fast bacteria) and sputum C&s x 6-16 weeks |
| positive PPD based on | induration |
| mm significant for TB for all patients | 15 mm |
| mm signficant for at risk pts & HCW | 10-14 mm |
| maybe significant for HIV pts. & people with abnl. CXR | 5-9 mm |
| false positives for TB can be seen in pts. who have had | BCG |
| false negatives for TB can be seen in | immunocompromised pts. / HIV pts. |
| most common med for TB | INH / isoniazide |
| treatment for active TB | INH, rifampin, pyrazinamide |
| length of treatment for active TB | 6 mos to 2 yrs. |
| length of treatment for latent TB with INH | 6-9 mos. |
| side effects of TB treatment | hepatotoxicity, peripheral neuropathy, discolored body fluids, etc. |
| use this for peripheral neuropathy from TB meds | vitamin B6 |
| how to monitor for hepatotoxicity | check ALT & AST |
| useful to make sure pts. take TB meds | DOT (directly observed therapy) |
| pts. wtih tb should be in these rooms | neg. pressure |
| this in the vents helps kill bacteria | UV light |
| health care workers should use these to protect themselves from TB | particulate respirators |
| latent TB can become active in patients who | become immune compromised / are given steroids/ get HIV |
| MOTT infections more common in patients with | HIV |
| SARS caused by | Coronavirus |
| SARS causes | upper resp & Gi symptoms |
| histoplamosis from | bird, bat, mushroom cellars (think chictoplasmosis) |
| aspergillosis, candida, cryptococcus found most commonly in these pts. | immunocompromised |
| coccidiomycosis related to | dessert sand |
| in flail chest you see | paradoxical chest movements |
| severe flail chest requires | intubation |
| tension pneumothorax | worsens with each breath, lung collapses, medical emergency |
| advantage of water seal chest tube | prevents air backflow |
| CO poisoning at 50% causes | seizures & coma |
