| A | B |
|---|
| The Chesapeake's reliance on indentured servants | Unbalanced sex ratios, most immigrants were young men, a wide gap between rich and poor in Virginia and Maryland |
| The harsh climate, disease, and hard work in the tobacco fields | The Chesapeake has a very high death rate and new immigrants have to endure the "seasoning" |
| The Chesapeake's reliance on tobacco | The region does not diversify economically and settlers are constantly moving west as the crop wears out the soil, and discourages urbanization |
| The headright system | Landowners become more powerful and have an incentive to bring over indentured servants |
| Freed indentured servants facing deteriorating economic conditions, were pushed to the frontier where they were not protected from the Indians | Bacon's Rebellion in 1676 |
| Bacon's Rebellion (1676) | The Chesapeake changes from primarily using indentured servants to African slaves |
| Immunity to diseases, agricultural backgrounds (ex: rice), skin color, and a permanent labor force | African slaves make an ideal labor force |
| Labor-intensive sugar and high mortality rates for laborers | Most of the Middle Passage's slaves are shipped to Brazil or the West Indies |
| Smaller slave concentrations, fewer new arrivals, and efforts of masters to promote English and Christianity | The slaves of British North America assimilate faster than elsewhere |
| White majority, lack of weapons, and almost certainty of failure | Slave rebellions are rare and passive resistance is much more common |
| More families, a healthier climate, and commitment to establishing a "city upon a hill" | New England is a healthier place to live and a more stable society |
| Rocky soil and a lack of suitable cash crops | New England develops a more diversified economy than elsewhere in the British North American colonies |
| A more balanced sex ratio in New England than the Chesapeake and the Puritan's view of women | Women are treated worse in New England than in the Chesapeake |
| Fertile population and high rates of immigration | The population is doubling about every 25 years |
| Lots of available land, relative political and religious freedom, and a reputation as a place where one can start fresh | The 13 colonies attract large numbers of immigration from Europe |
| A rapidly growing and culturally diverse population and great distance from Europe | Emergence of a melting pot society that is increasingly different from England and Europe |
| Little emphasis on one's birth in America as in Europe | America has much more social mobility than Europe |
| A greater degree of religious toleration in the 13 colonies than in Europe | Religious diversity unmatched in any country in Europe |
| The clergy is becoming increasingly out of touch with the people by the 1730s | Rise of New Light ministers like George Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards and the Great Awakening |
| The Great Awakening | The 1st social movement to impact all 13 colonies, a decrease of deference, and an increase in colleges such as Dartmouth and Princeton |
| The need to train ministers in America, especially in New England | Establishment of colleges such as Harvard and Yale |
| Rural and an agrarian South | Fewer educational opportunities in the South than New England |
| Distance and animosity toward colonial governors who are appointed by the King | Legislative assemblies, such as the Virginia House of Burgesses, become the most important branch of government in the colonies |
| The severe shortage of females in southern colonies | Produced large number of unattached males and weak family structure |
| Planters’ fears of indentured servants’ rebellion, coupled with rising wages in England | Caused southern planters to switch from indentured-servant labor to African slavery |
| The dramatic increase in colonial slave population after 1680s | Inspired passage of strict “slave codes” |
| The heavy immigration of Germans, Scots-Irish, Africans, and others into the colonies | Resulted in the development of a colonial “melting pot,” only one-half English by 1775 |
| The Zenger case | Marked the beginnings of freedom or printed political expression in the colonies |
| Upper-class fear of “democratic excesses” by poor whites | Reinforced colonial property qualifications for voting |
| The lack of artistic concerns, cultural tradition, and leisure in the colonies- | Forced the migration of colonial artists to Britain to study and pursue artistic careers |
