| A | B |
|---|
| A growing sense the Catholic Church was corrupt and out of touch with the people | Martin Luther leads the Protestant Reformation |
| John Calvin's belief of predestination that God has already determined who is saved and who is damned before they are born | Heavily influenced the Puritans and inspired their great work ethic |
| Protestants and Catholics both seeing each other as not real Christians | Intense rivalries between Catholic and Protestant nations such as England and Spain |
| The Pope was not granting an annulment to Henry VIII | Henry VIII breaks away from the Catholic Church and establishes the Church of England |
| The Church of England persecuting dissenters | Pilgrims and Puritans emigrate from England |
| The Mayflower Compact | A precedent for self-government for English colonies in the New World |
| The Puritans' commitment to establishing a model Christian community | John Winthrop's "City Upon a Hill" quote |
| The Puritans' emphasis on conformity | Massachusetts Bay persecutes Anne Hutchinson, Roger Williams, and the Salem Witch Trials |
| Metacomet unifies several New England tribes | King Philip's War is the most bloody Indian war in colonial America |
| The Glorious Revolution (1688) | Governor Edmund Andros is recalled and the Dominion of New England dissolves |
| Several dissenters such as Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams being banished from Massachusetts Bay | Creation of an independent-minded Rhode Island |
| Fundamental Orders of Connecticut | Precedent of colonies wanting a written constitution |
| The Dutch looking for a Northwest Passage and the need for a North American outpost for their commercial empire | The Dutch create New Netherland and New Amsterdam |
| New Netherland's strategic location lodged between New England and the Chesapeake | The English conquered New Amsterdam and renamed it New York |
| William Penn wanting to establish a colony for persecuted Quakers | Establishment of Pennsylvania- a "Holy Experiment" |
| William Penn advertising his colony across western Europe | Pennsylvania was the most culturally diverse colony with large Scots-Irish and German populations |
| Puritans’ belief that their government was based on a covenant with God | Led to restrictions of political participation in colonial Massachusetts to “visible saints” |
| The Dutch West India Company’s search for quick profits | Meant that New Netherland was run as an authoritarian fur trading venture |
| Dutch and English creation of vast Hudson Valley estates | Secured political control of New York for a few aristocratic families |
| The middle colonies’ cultivation of broad, fertile river valleys | Encouraged development of Pennsylvania, New York, and New Jersey as rich, grain-growing “bread basket colonies” |
