| A | B |
|---|
| Old-time Populists, muckraking journalists, social gospel ministers, and European socialist immigrants | Provided the pioneering forces who laid the foundation for the Progressive movement |
| Fears of unbridled capitalism, wealthy extravagance, and the fears of socialism | Inspired the rise of the Progressive Movement |
| The Progressives distaste of laissez-faire and a belief man can positively change the environment/society for the better | The Progressives seek to use government as an agent of change |
| Muckrakers such as Ida Tarbell, John Spargo, Lincoln Steffens, Jacob Riis, and Upton Sinclair | Raised the public's awareness of various social problems so they can be solved |
| Improved education, increase of the number of white collar professionals and pragmatic philosophy | Underlined the Progressives emphasis on experts and efficiency to address urban/industrial America's problems |
| The Brandeis Brief | Changed the way arguments and cases were presented before the Supreme Court |
| The Progressives distaste of inefficient and corrupt municipal machines | Rely on city-managers and commission form of municipal government |
| The Galveston Hurricane of 1900 | Gave the commission form of government its first big test |
| The Progressives desire to make government more democratic | Direct primary, recall, referendum, initiative, and the Australian ballot |
| Robert Lafollette's progressive reforms in Wisconsin | The Wisconsin Idea of improved education, using resources from state universities, regulatory commissions, and public control of utilities |
| The Supreme Court's conservative stance | Struck down many progressive laws such as the Keating-Owen Act and laws limiting hours |
| Triangle Shirtwaist Fire | Horrified and increased public awareness of unsafe working conditions in NYC sweatshops and led to a wide array of laws regulating the workplace |
| Dr. Alice Hamilton's work | Led to the passage of workplace safety laws in Illinois to reduce occupational illnesses |
| Margaret Sanger's controversial support of birth control | Led to Sanger's arrest and violating the Comstock Act |
| Divisions in the woman's rights/suffrage movement | Led to the rivalry of the NAWSA (Catt and Shaw) and the National Woman's Party (Paul) |
| The more egalitarian conditions of the frontier | Led to woman suffrage to be first passed in the West (ex: Wyoming) |
| The South realized the federal government no longer cared about blacks and the need to put the younger generation of African-Americans in their place | Passage of Jim Crow laws in the 1890s |
| The very different backgrounds of W.E.B. DuBois, Booker T. Washington, and Marcus Garvey | Very different philosophies among African-American leaders of how the race should address their problems |
| Racism in the South, Northern factory recruiters, jobs in Northern cities during World War I | The beginning of the Great Migration of African-Americans out of the South that lasted until the 1970s |
| The efforts of the WCTU, the Anti-Saloon League, and anti-Germany hostility during World War I | Passage of the Volstead Act and the ratification of the Eighteenth Amendment |
| TR's handling of the Anthracite Strike | Big business could no longer automatically assume government supported them over labor during strikes |
| TR's Square Deal | A government commitment to treating labor, business, government, and the public equally and impartially |
| TR's view of "good" and "bad" trusts | Northern Securities would be busted up but Taft would bust 2 time more trusts in half the time |
| Upton Sinclair's "The Jungle" | Passage of the Meat Inspection and Pure Food & Drug Acts |
| TR's conservationist policies | More national parks, national forests, and wildlife preserves were set aside than any other time in U.S. history |
| Taft’s political mishandling of tariff and conservation policies | Incensed pro-Roosevelt progressives and increased their attacks on the Republican “Old Guard” |
| The division in the Republican Party in 1912 | Led to Woodrow Wilson becoming president- only the second Democrat since the Civil War |
| The Underwood-Simmons Tariff | 1st major tariff reduction in years and led to the income tax |
| Progressive concern about political corruption | Led to reforms like the initiative, referendum, and direct election of U.S. Senators |
| Roosevelt’s threat to seize the anthracite coal mines | Forced a compromise settlement of a strike that threatened the national well-being |
| Settlement Houses and women’s clubs | Served as the launching pads for widespread female involvement in progressive reforms |
| Boss Platt’s desire to get Roosevelt out of New York | Sent TR to the vice presidency |
| Roosevelt’s feeling that he was cheated out of the Republican nomination by the Taft machine | Laid the basis for a third-party crusade in the Election of 1912 |
| The Federal Reserve Act | Finally established an effective national banking system and flexible money supply |
| Conservative justices of the Supreme Court | Declared unconstitutional progressive Wilsonian measures dealing with labor unions and child labor |
