| A | B |
|---|
| William James | Psychologist- champion of the idea of "pragmaticism" |
| Henry Demarest Lloyd | Muckraker- Wealth Against Commonwealth (1894)- attacked Standard Oil and other trusts |
| Lincoln Steffens | Muckraker- "The Shame of the Cities"- exposed municipal corruption |
| Ida Tarbell | Muckraker- "The History of the Standard Oil"- exposed Rockefeller's corrupt practices- her father had been bought out by Rockefeller |
| David G. Philips | Muckraker- "The Treason of the Senate" |
| Ray Stannard Baker | Muckraker- "Following the Color Line"- one of the few muckraking pieces dedicated to race and African-Americans |
| John Spargo | Muckraker- "The Bitter Cry of the Children"- exposes the conditions of child labor |
| Upton Sinclair | Muckraker- "The Jungle" (1906)- novel that exposed meatpacking plants in Chicago. A socialist who intended to expose working conditions but instead led to the passage of the Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act- "I meant to hit the public in the heart and instead I hit them in the stomach." |
| Jacob Riis | Muckraker- "How the Other Half Lives" (1890)- using newly invented flash photography to show the slums and tenements of New York City |
| Frank Norris | Muckraker- "The Octopus" |
| Lewis Hine | Muckraking photographer who photographed several subjects- often workers |
| John Dewey | "Father of Progressive Education" |
| Frederick Winslow Taylor | "Father of Scientific Management"- "Taylorism" |
| Louis Brandeis | Brilliant legal mind who initiated the "Brandeis Brief" of using sociological data to support case as well as legal precedent- 1st Jew appointed to the Supreme Court- appointed by Wilson |
| Tom L. Johnson | Progressive mayor of Cleveland |
| Robert LaFollette | Progressive governor of Wisconsin- the most progressive state in the Union- the "Wisconsin Idea" |
| Alice Hamilton | Doctor who studied occupational diseases and her work led to work place reforms in Illinois |
| Margaret Sanger | Champion of birth control- arrested by violating the Comstock Act |
| Florence Kelley | Settlement house worker who led the National Consumer's League which pushed for sweatshop reform and an eight-hour day- participated in other reforms such as the NAACP and child labor |
| Carrie Chapman Catt | Women's suffragette- head of the National American Woman Suffrage Association |
| Alice Paul | Woman suffrage advocated- head of the National Woman's Party- influenced by radical British suffragettes- mass picketing, hunger strikes, etc. |
| Booker T. Washington | African-American leader who advocated economic self-help for A-A. Called for economic self-sufficiency and not immediate civil rights (ex: voting). Founder of the Tuskegee Institute. Wrote "Up From Slavery"- his autobiography |
| W.E.B. Du Bois | African-American leader who called for immediate civil rights. 1st A-A to graduate from Harvard. Initiated the Niagara Movement which led to the founding the NAACP- called for the "talented tenth" of the most educated African-Americans to lead the race |
| William Monroe Trotter | African-American leader who followed Du Bois' philosophy |
| Ida B. Wells | Led the anti-lynching crusade. Wrote "The Red Record" documenting the problem of lynching in the Jim Crow South |
| Marcus Garvey | African-American leader who founded the United Negro Improvement Association. Believed in black pride and urged blacks to go back to Africa- the "Black Star" Line |
| Frances E. Willard | Leader of the Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) |
| Theodore Roosevelt | President during the Progressive Era (1901-1909)- Square Deal, Anthracite Strike, Conservation movement, consumer safety (ex: Pure Food and Drug Act). In many ways the first modern POTUS- ex: the "Bully Pulpit" |
| Gifford Pinchot | Conservationist who believed in the scientific management of forests- TR's right-hand man in the conservation movement |
| William Howard Taft | Protégé of TR and was POTUS (1909-1913). Busted more trusts than TR but alienated Progressives with Ballinger-Pinchot Affair and Payne-Aldrich Tariff. Was trounced in his attempt to be reelected in 1912. Able administrator- the first POTUS to also be Supreme Court justice |
| Woodrow Wilson | Southerner, President of Princeton, Progressive reform governor of New York- 2nd Democratic since Civil War- elected in 1912. First term dominated by domestic affairs (New Freedom)- ex: Keating-Owen Act and Federal Reserve Act, 2nd term- World War I, failed to secure ratification of Versailles Treaty- pinned all hopes on League of Nations |
| Eugene V. Debs | Socialist leader. Part of the Industrial Workers of the World at one time. Won almost 1 million votes in 1912 election. Arrested during World War I speaking out against the war- Espionage Act- while in the federal penitentiary ran for POTUS and received almost 1 million votes |
| Gavrilo Prinicp | Serbian nationalist, member of the Black Hand who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand which led to World War I |
| George Creel | Head of the Committee of Public Information (CPI)- often known simply as the Creel Committee- propaganda agency that was meant to persuade the American people on the righteousness of the war |
| Bernard Baruch | Head of the War Industries Board that coordinated resources and managed industrial production during World War I |
| Herbert Hoover | Head of the Food Administration- excellent administrator who helped manage the food supply and feed starving Europeans |
| Felix Frankfurter | Head of the War Labor Board- later appointed to the Supreme Court by FDR |
| John J. Pershing | Commander of the American Expeditionary Force- pushed to keep American troops as its own fighting force rather than being sent to fight under the French and British |
| Vladimir Lenin | Leader of the Bolsheviks during the Russian Revolution- established communist government- pulled Russia out of World War I with the Treaty of Brest-Litvosk (Spring 1918) |
| Vittorio Orlando | Member of the "Big Four" at Versailles- leader of Italy |
| David Lloyd George | Member of the "Big Four" at Versailles- leader of Britain |
| Georges Clemenceau | Member of the "Big Four" at Versailles- leader of France |
| William Borah | Republican Senator from Idaho- leader of the "Irreconcilables" who opposed the Treaty of Versailles (League of Nations) on all grounds and unwilling to compromise |
| Henry Cabot Lodge | Republican Senator from Massachusetts- opposed the League of Nations but was a "reservationist"- willing to make small compromises. Wilson's greatest rival on the issue |
