| A | B |
|---|
| Janssen Brothers | made the first compound microscope |
| compound microscope | microscope made of 2 or more lenses |
| Galileo | first to use a compound microscope to observe living material |
| Robert Hooke | named the cell after observing cork and illustrated his observations in a book called Micrographia |
| Anton von Leeuwenhoek | Father of microbiology |
| Dutrochet | stated that parts of organisms are made of cells |
| Robert Brown | discovered and named the nucleus |
| Dujardin | reported that cells are not hollow but contain a thick jelly-like fluid called protoplasm/cytoplasm |
| Matthias Schleiden | stated that all plants are composed of cells |
| Theodor Schwann | stated that all animals are made of cells |
| Rudolf Virchow | stated that all cells come from other living cells |
| organelles | parts of cells |
| cell theory | all organisms are composed of one or more cells; cells are the basic unit of structure and fuction of all organisms; cells are produced from preexisting cells |
| cytology | study of cells |
| prokaryote cell | cell that lacks a true nucleus and most membrane-bound organelles |
| eukaryote cell | cell the possesses a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles |
| pro- | before |
| karyote | kernal |
| eu- | true |
| nutrition | obtaining food and raw materials for energy |
| digestion | breaking down food to small size |
| excretion | removal of cell wastes |
| respiration | energy release from food molecules |
| biosynthesis | building materials needed for life |
| absorption | intake of necessary chemicals |
| response | ability to react to environmental stimuli |
| secretion | release of manufactured materials to the outside |
| reproduction | production of new cells |
| egestion | release of undigestable food materials |
| movement | locomotion |
| unicellular | single-celled organism |
| multicellular | many-celled organism |
| division of labor | parts of the whole perform specific jobs for the benefit of the whole |
| protoplasm | thick, jelly-like fluid in a living cell that is the location of all cellular reactions that build and break down materials |
| protoplasm | Chemical Factory |
| nucleoplasm | chemical factory inside the nucleus |
| cytoplasm | chemical factory outside of the nucleus/ in the rest of the cell |
| metabolism | sum total of all chemical reactions |
| anabolism | constructive phase of metabolism |
| catabolism | destructive phase of metabolism |
| organon | tool |
| ella | small |
| plasma membrane | Gatekeeper |
| plasma membrane | outer, porous, "living" boundary; single membrane |
| mitochondria | Powerhouse |
| mitochondria | cigar-shaped, double membrane organelle, inner membrane is folded |
| cristae | folds in inner membrane of the mitochondria |
| mitochondria | site of cellular respiration |
| endoplasmic reticulum | Canal System |
| endoplasmic reticulum | funtions include transport, enzyme attachment, and ribosome attachment |
| ribosome | Protein Factories |
| ribosome | site of protein synthesis |
| golgi bodies | Packing and Shipping Department |
| golgi bodies | stack of flattened, hollow, pancake-like structures that manufacture, store, and secrete chemicals |
| vacuoles | clear, fluid-filled bags made of lipoproteins that store food, water, or wastes, and hold water soluble pigments in plants |
| lysosomes | Suicide Sacs |
| lysosomes | responsible for digesting food materials, destroying worn out cell parts, and digesting any invaders |
| microfilaments | long, thread-like structures made of proteins that help make up the cells cytoskeleton and help the cell move |
| microtubules | long, thing, tubular structures made of proeins that help make up the cytoskeleton, help the cell and cell parts move, and make up the cilia and flagella |
| plastids | pigment storing organelles found in plants |
| chloroplast | green, egg-shaped, double membrane plastid that is the site of photosynthesis |
| chloroplast | Food Factory |
| chromoplast | plastid that is responsible for the colors that attract insects/animals and helps trap light for photosynthesis |
| grana | coin-like stacks found inside of a chloroplast |
| chlorophyll | green pigment found in chloroplasts |
| carotene | orange pigment found in chlorplasts and chromoplasts |
| leukoplast | starch and lipid storing plastid made of liproeins |
| centrioles | 2 bundles of tubes at right angles each containing 27 microtubules and that help in animal cell division |
| cilia | short, hair-like structures outside the cell membrane made of 20 microtubules and that help cells move |
| flagella | long, whip-like structures made of 20 microtubules and helps the cell move |
| cell wall | outer, nonliving boundary made of cellulose and pectin that helps plant cells keep their shape and protects them from injury or cytolysis |
| cytolysis | cell splitting |
| nucleus | Control Center |
| nuclear membrane | porous, double membrane boundary that separates the nucleoplasm from the cytoplasm |
| chromatin | long, thread-like structures made of DNA and histones that control protein synthesis |
| chromosomes | chromatin that is twisted up |
| nucleolus | site of ribosome production |
| subatomic particles | protons, neutrons, and electrons |
| cell | smallest unit of life |
| tissue | cells of similar structure and function that work cooperatively |
| organ | tissues of different types working together cooperatively |
| organs system | 2 or more organs working cooperatively |
| organism | one entire unit of life; a living thing |
