| A | B |
|---|
| civilian labor force | total number of people 16 years or older either employed or actively seeking work |
| blue collar | craft workers, workers in manufacturing |
| professionals | highly trained individuals usually with a higher degree |
| service workers | those who provide services directly to individuals |
| unskilled workers | those whose jobs require no specialized training |
| white collar workers | category of workers employed in offices, sales, or professional positions |
| semiskilled workers | those whose jobs require some training, often using modern tecnology |
| skilled workers | someone who has learned a trade or craft either through a vocational school or as an apprentice to an experienced worker |
| minimum wage law | sets the lowest legal hourly wage rate that may be paid to certain types of workers |
| labor union | association of workers organized to improve wages and working conditions for its members |
| strike | deliberate work stoppage by workers to force an employer to give in to their demands |
| collective bargaining | process by which unions and employers negotiate the conditions of employment |
| mediation | occurs when a neutral person steps in and tries to get both sides to reach an agreement |
| cost of living adjustment | union contract providing for an additional wage increase each year if the general level of prices in the economy rises beyond a certain amt. |
| arbitration | two sides submit the issues they can't agree on to a 3rd party for a final decision |
| picketing | activity in which striking workers walk up and down in front of a workplace carrying signs that state their disagreement with the company |
| lockout | when management prevents workers from returning to work until they agree to a new contract |
| injunction | legal order of a court preventing an activity like a strike |
| scabs | workers brought in by management to break a strike |
| craft union | made of skilled workers in a specific trade or industry |
| right to work laws | state laws forbidding union shops and closed shops; workers are allowed to continue working a particualr job without joining a union |
| AFL (1886) | first permanent labor organization |
| equilibrium | the wage rate that produces neither an excess supply of workeres nor an excess demand for workers; the pt. at which supply meets demand |
| glass ceiling | theoretical barrier that prevents women and minorities from advancing in business |
| learning effect | the theory that education increases productivity and results in higher wages |
| screening effect | the theory that completion of college indicates to employers that a job applicant is intelligent and hard-working |
| contingent employement | a temporary or part-time job |
| Sampuel Gompers | started the first permanent labor union |
| bachelors | 4 year degree; undergraduate degree |
| masters | post graduate degree |
| doctorate | highest post graduate degree possible |
| strikebreaker | another term for scabs |
