| A | B |
|---|
| Gaius Marius | elected consul 7 times, Roman general and politician who reformed the Roman army |
| Jugurtha | African prince who had quarrelled with his brother over succession to the throne of Numidia |
| equites | Roman knights who were developing markets in Numidia were killed in the civil war between Jugurtha and his brothers |
| proletarii | lowest social class in Rome provided manpower for Marius' attack against Jugurtha |
| Cimbri and Teutones | two Gallic tribes who defeated a Roman army in Gaul |
| Saturninus | crony of Marius elected tribune who threatened the ssenate with violence should they protest Marius' consulships |
| Aquae Sextiae | site of Marius' great victory over the Gauls in 102 BC |
| triumph | celebratory parade on rare occasions voted by the senate for a general who had distinguished himself |
| senatus consultum ultimum | passed against Saturninus after he killed his opponent for tribune |
| professional standing army | new system, no longer demobilized after war, open to all men, even lower classes |
| legion | a section of the army, 6000 men subdivided into smaller units |
| century | a unit of 100 men |
| centurion | an experienced leader of a century |
| infantry | group of the army uniformly equipped and armed |
| pilum | throwing spear modified with a point that broke off on contact |
| muli mariani | soldiers of Marius who carried their entrenching tools on their backs |
| signum | standard, a long pole topped by decorative attachments - the number of the legion, SPQR surrounded by a laurel wreath and a bronze eagle |
| aquila | eagle atop the standard |
| Marcus Livius Drusus | assasinated in 90 BC, raised the question of citizenship for Rome's Italian allies |
| Lucius Cornelius Sulla | praetor in 93BC, consul in 88 BC, dictator from 82-79, started a civil war, took over Rome and reformed the courts, senate membership and laws for holding offices |
| Mithridates | king of Pontus who tried to extend his kingdom by invading the Roman province of Asia |
| Asiatic vespers | slaughter of 80,000 Roman citizens in one night in the province of Asia by Mithridates' forces |
| civil war in Rome | begun by Sulla when he was refused the command against Mithridates |
| exile/return of Marius | Sulla sent Marius into exile but when Sulla left, Marius returned to Rome and was elected to a 7th consulship |
| Cinna | co-consul with Marius who reised troops against the return of Sulla |
| Colline Gate | site of battle between the forces of Cinna and those of Sulla (with three legions from Pompey) |
| Pompey | given the Cognomen "magnus" after his assistance to Sulla at the age of 26. |
| Sulla's dictatorship | not the 6 month type but of indefinite length with the task of restoring the republic |
| proscriptions | program in which lists of opponents were published for possible murder if these individuals didn't leave Rome, property of these people was confiscated |
| land for veterans | provided by proscriptions and confiscation of property |
| Senate | numbers increased from 300 to 600 by Sulla |
| ex-magistrates | former elected officers given places on the senate |
| juries | reestablished and made up of senators |
| cursus honorum rules reformed | age limits for each office, forbade reelection to the same office within a period of 10 years |
