| A | B |
|---|
| Deviance | refers to behavior that departs from societal or group norms. range from criminal behavior to wearing heavy makeup |
| Negative Deviance | involves behavior that fails to meet accepted norms. people expressing this either reject the norms, misinterpret the norms, or are unaware ofthe norms. |
| Positive Deviance | involves overconformity to norms - leading to imbalance and extremes of perfectionism. idealize group norms. it can be disruptive and hard to manage. |
| Deviant | a person who has violated one or more of society's most highly valued norms. |
| Social Control | ways to promote conformity to norms. |
| Social Sanctions | rewards and punishments designed to encourage desired behavior. |
| Anomie | social condition in which norms are weak, conflicting, or absent. |
| Strain Theory | when deviance occurs when there is a gap between culturally desireable goals, such as money and prestige and a legitimate way of obtaining them. |
| Control Theory | conformity to social norms depends on the presence of strong bonds between individuals and society. |
| Differential Association Theory | emphasizes the role of primary groups in transmitting deviance. |
| Labeling Theory | explains why deviance is relative - that is, sometimes of two people breaking the norm only one may be labeled a deviant. |
| Primary Deviance | a person engages only in isolated acts of deviance. small disturbances |
| Secondary Deviance | refers to deviance as a lifestyle and as a personal identity. a person whose life and identity are organized around deviance. |
| Stigma | an undesireable characteristic or label used by others to deny the deviant full social acceptance. an ex-convict is not accepted by many members of society because a stigmatic label - jailbird - spoils the individual's entire social identity |
| Victim Discouting | reduces the seriousness of crimes directed at members of lower social classes. if the victim is less valuable, the crime is less serious, and the penalty is less severe. |
| White-Collar Crim | any crime committed by respectable and high-status peopl ein the course of their occupations. |
| Crime | acts in violation of statute law. |
| Criminal Justice System | made up of institutions and processes responsible for enforcing criminal statutes. |
| Deterrence | uses the threat of punishment to discourage criminal actions. keep other people from committing crimes. |
| Retribution | A type of punishment intended to make criminals pay compensation for their acts. it comes from the idea of an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. |
| Incarceration | Keeping criminals in prisons |
| Rehabilitation | an approach to crime control that attempts to resocialize criminals. |
