| A | B |
| gap | a low plave between mountains |
| canal | a human-made waterway that connects bodies of water |
| lock | a section of water is held by two gates |
| Industrial Revolution | a time when there was a change in manufacturing |
| locomotive | railroad engines |
| interchangeable | parts that are exactly alike |
| cotton gin | machine that removes seeds from cotton |
| pioneer | an early settler of an area |
| consequence | what happens because of an action |
| impressmen | the taking of workers against their will |
| nationalism | pride in one's country |
| national anthem | the official song of a country |
| assimilate | to adopt |
| dictator | a leader who has complete control of the government |
| ford | to cross |
| annex | added on |
| manifest destiny | an idea that the United States was meant to stretch from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean |
| cession | concession |
| gold rush | a sudden rush of people to an area where gold has been found |
| forty-niners | the people who rushed to California in 1849 for the gold rush |