| A | B |
|---|
| John B. Waton | Father of Behaviorism and known for his classical conditioning experiment of a fear response with an orphan named "little Albert" |
| Stanley Milgram | known for his "electric shock" experiment showing obedience to authority |
| Wilhelm Wundt | Established the first Psychological Laboratory in Leipzig, Germany in 1879 |
| William James | The great American psychologist and founder of functionalism. Wrote the textbook entitled Principle of Psychology in 1890 |
| Hermann Ebbinghaus | Early memory researcher who used his "forgetting curve" to show a rapid decay of memory for nonsense syllables, but that decay will flatten out at approximately 20-30% in long term retention |
| Edward Thorndike | His Law of Effect stated that behaviors are repeated if followed by desireable consequence and an undesireable consequence would hasten the response |
| Alfred Binet | Writer of the first intelligence test |
| Sigmund Freud | Father of the Psychodynamic perspective. |
| Ivan Pavlov | A Physiologist whose work with dogs led to the discovery of classical conditioning |
| Roger Sperry and Michael Gazzaniga | Their work with split brain patients led to the understanding of cerebral lateralization (different functions of the right and left side of the brain) |
| Wilder Penfield | His work in the middle of the 20th century helped in mapping the motor and sensory areas of the cortex |
| Phineas Gage | 1848 case study of a worker whose railroad injury left him with a damaged frontal lobe and disconnected limbic system. His personality changed...he couldn't plan and was highly emotionall |
| Ernst Weber | Weber's Law-a formula that supports the principle that two stimuli must differ by a constant proportion, not a constant amount, for a difference to be detected |
| Gustav Fechner | A Gestalt psychologist who studied psychophysics- the study of the links between physical stimuli in the world and the psychological experience of those stimuli |
| David Hubel and Wiesel | Won nobel prize for the discovery of feature detector cells in the brain |
| Clever Hans | smart horse |
| Ernst Hilgard | Studies showing that a hypnotic trance includes a "hidden observer" suggesting that there is some subconscious control during hypnosis |
| Hobson and McCarley | Activation-Synthesis dream theory |
| B. F. Skinner | Radical Behaviorist whose learning theory was called Operant Conditioning: sometimes called instrumental conditioning |
| David Premack | His Premack Principle states that in order for operant conditioning to work, one must identify what is reinforcing to the learner |
| Albert Bandura | Contends that much of what we learn comes from other people. His famous BoBo doll study showed social or observational learning |
| Martin Seligman | theory of learned helplessness |
| John Garcia | Studied Taste aversions |
| Wolfgang Kohler | Studied Insight learning |
| Edward Toleman | Studied latent learning |
| Robert Rescorla | Studied contingency in classical conditioning |
| Elizabeth Loftus | Studied the role of memory in eyewitness testimony. Trying to recall events may lead to confabulation, or remembering information that is false, but meets their expectancies when trying to recall info. Also, the framing of the question can impact how the events are recalled |
| Endel Tulving | Is credited with coining the terms procedural, semantic and episodic |
| Carl Rogers | A Humanist psychologist who developed Client-Centered Therapy |
| Genie | feral child whose discovery led to information about LAD- Language Aquistion Device |
| Naom Chomsky | Linguist who argued that language acquistion is natvie to humans, given a reasonable environment. He believed we had a language acquistion device in our brains that allow us to soak up language, especially during the critical periood ( or sensitive period) |
| Eleanor Gibson | Visual cliff study in infants which showed depth perception in infants as young as 6 months |
| Jean Piaget | A child cognitive psychologist who developed a stage theory of cognitive development: sensorimotor, preoperational,concrete operational, formal operational, |
| Lev Vygotsky | Russian theorist who viewed cognitive growth differently from Piaget. He thought it was more a result of social context. He learns and develops inner speech from experiences. A child may not act according to their inner scripts- he called this a zone of proximal development |
| Alfred Adler | Personality theorist who believed our personalities are driven by a need for superiority to overcome our innate feelings of inferiority |
| Mary Ainsworth | placed young children in a "strange situation" to come up with her attachment style theory: Secure, avoidant, resistant/ambivalent/ anxious types |
| John Bowlby | Discussed separation and stranger anxiety in children |
| Diana Baumrind | Theory on Parenting Styles; Authoritarian, Authoratative, |
| David Elkind | He used the phrase personal fable to describe the risky behavior that some teens engage in because they seem to believe they are invulnerable and rules don't apply to them |
| Eric Erickson | Psychosocial theory of Life Span development; The eight stages of man |
| Elizabeth Kubler-Ross | Addressed the grief process by explaining the five stages of dealing with death; denial, anger bargaining, depression and acceptance. |
| Lawrence Kohlberg | Used the Heinz Dilemma to evaluate moral development in children; Preconventional, Conventional, and Post-Conventional |
| Carol Gilligan | Critic of Kohlberg's theory of moral development as having a male bias. Females, she believed view moral dilemmas differently. |
| Abraham Maslow | Developed his Hierarchy of Needs to explain what motivates people. The founder of the Humanist perspective. |
| John Rotter | Known for the concepts of internal and external locus of control. Basically, he is talking about the difference between people who believe they can control their own destiny and those who believe there is little they can do to influence what happens to them |
| Fritz Heider | Social psychologist known for his attribution theory |
| Carl Jung | A leading Neo-Freudian postulating the existence of the collective unconscious which included universal archetypes. |
| Karen Horney | Considered a Neo Freudian |
| Gorden Allport | First to try and list human personality traits. He divided them into cardinal, central and secondary traits |
| Hans Eysenck | Believed there were three essential components to personality;neuroticism,extroversion, and neuroticism (P.E.N) |
| Raymond Cattell | Used factor analysis to identify 16 Personality factors |
| Robert Sternberg | Cognitive psychologist who is known for his Triarchic theory of intelligence; practical, creative, and analytical |
| David Rosenhan | Faked Schizophrenia, was admitted to a mental health facility where the professional staff never "caught on" to his hoax even after he returned to his normal behavior |
| Albert Ellis | A cognitive psychologist who developed RET:Rational Emotive Therapy where irrational thoughts are challenged and replaced with healthy cognitions |
| Aaron Beck | Developed cognitive therapy, psychotherapy to change people's illogical thoughts about themselves and the world |
| Solomon Asch | Famous for his studies on conformity and group pressure |
| Phillip Zimbardo | The Standford Prison Experiment (1970) |
| Howard Gardner | Theory of Multiple Intelligences:Mathematica/Logical, Kinesthetic,Visual/Spatial, Interpersonal (others), Intrapersonal(self), Musical, and Linguistic/Verbal |
| Daniel Goleman | Coined the term "EQ" or emotional quotient to describe someone's emotional intelligence |
| Harry Harlow | Showed the importance of physical touch or "contact comfort" over nourishment in infant monkeys |
