| A | B |
|---|
| Rodrigo Diaz | Spanish Hero fought Muslims in Spain |
| Moors | Spanish Muslims |
| Reconquista | Spanish Knights fought the crusade against Muslims in Spain |
| Granada | Southern Spain under Muslim control |
| Queen Isabella & Ferdinand | marriage united Spain |
| Chrisopher Columbus | Queen Isabella and Ferdinand financed his journey |
| Spanish Inquisition | Expelled Muslims & Jews enforced Catholic teachin. Spain most powerful nation. 1400-1500 |
| spanish Hapsburgs | leading family of Europe (Hawks Castle) |
| Charles V | King of Spain & Holy Roman Empire |
| Protestant Reformation | (Martin Luther) Peace of Augsburg. Religous freedom of Lutherans |
| Italian Wars | Spain vs France. For control over Italy. Sacking of Rome |
| Empire to Vast Divides Empire | Spanish Hapsburg & Austrian Hapsburgs |
| Philip II | "The Prudent King" Greatest of Spanish Kings |
| Madrid | Capital City of Spain |
| Most Catholic King. Spanish Inquisition. | Philip II |
| Queen Mary of England | Philip II married to her |
| Great revolt of the Netherlands | Dutch Netherlands declare independence (North Protestant/ South Catholic) |
| Prince William of Orange | Dutch leader of revolt |
| Spanish armada | invasion of Enlgland 60000 soliders 168 ships saield up the English channel |
| Sea Dogs | English Pirates. Robbing Spanish ships |
| Francis Drake | English Admiral destroyed Spanish Armada |
| Don Quixote:Tail of Spanish Knight | by Cervantes |
| Elizabeth I | The Virgin Queen. "I will have but one mistress England, and no other". Defeated the Spanish Armada. Last of the Tudor Family. |
| Mary Stuart | Queen of Scotland. imprisoned and Beheaded in the Tower of London. |
| James I | Son of Mary Stuart (ruling family of Scotland). Translated the bible to English -King James Bible. |
| Gun Powder Plot | Catholic Radicals attempt to blow up Parliment & James I 20 barrels gunpowder in cellar. |
| Union Jack | National flag of England |
| Charles I | Son of James I. Star Chamber(secret court) trials for his enemies. Led troops into House of Commons to arrest opposition leaders. |
| Retition of Rights | King could not levey taxes with out consent of Parliment. Could not house soldier in homes. |
| Billet | Housing soldiers in homes |
| Long Parliment | Taxes to fight Scotland. limited kings powers and Abolished the Star Chamber. |
| English Civil War | King Charles I vs Parliment |
| Cavaliers | Kings Cavalry |
| Royalist | Nobles supported King |
| Burgesses | Middle Class |
| Round Heads | Supporters of the Parliment |
| Oliver Cromwell | leader of Par. Army |
| New Model Army | parliment Army |
| The Commonwealth | English Republic formed by Cromwell |
| Rump Parliment | 60 members abolished Monarchy. Charles I beheaded |
| Royalist fled to which English Colony? | Virginia |
| Charles II | Merry Monarch 1660-1685 |
| New Amsterdam | New York |
| Habeas Corpus Act | Bring prisoners before judge & state hear charges against the accused |
| Political Parties | emerged during Restoration |
| Tories | supported King want strong King |
| Whigs | supported Parliment. Wanted a weak king |
| London Plague | 100,000 died. Great Fire of London |
| Rock-a-bye Baby was based on the birth of which kings son? | James II |
| Glorious Revolution | Queen mary 7 William of Orange invited by the Parliment to rule England |
| Bill of Rights | Limited Constitutional Monarch. King not above the law. Protect citizen rights |
| Act of Union | England and Scotland join Kingdoms |
| Prime Minister | Chief advisor to the King |
| Cabinet | Adivers to King |
| Walpole referring to Eng. Colonies in America | "Let Sleeping Dogs Lie" |
| King George III | American Revolution took Place during his reign |
| King Henry IV | 1st Bourbon Kings (Ruling Family of France). |
| Edict of Nantes | freedom to Huguenots |
| "A Chicken in Every Pot" | Duke of Sully Minister of Finances |
| Louis XIII | 10 years old took throne |
| Thirty Year War | France vs. Holy Roman Empire France wins |
| Louis XIV | Sun King |
| Functions of Versailles | Center Goverment. Keep an eye on the opposition. Nobles required to live here Center of French Culture. |
| Jean Baptist Colbert | French Finance Minister |
| Peace of Utrect | no uniting Spain and France. Louis XIV lost |
| Ferdinand II | Tried to restore Catholic Church in Germany |
| Thirty year war 1618-1648 | Last Great Religious war: Protastant vs. Catholics |
| Peace of Westphalia | Ends thirty year war. Protestants gain religious freedom. |
| Fredrick William | "Great Elector" guided Prussia Thirty Years War |
| Junkers | noble landlords pledged allegiance |
| King Fredrick William I | "Royal Drill Sargeant" |
| King Frederick II | "Frederick the Great" one of the greatest military and political leaders prussia became world power |
| Austrian Hapsburgs | Ruling family of Austria (Hawks Castle) |
| Charles VI | Holy Roman Emperor during reformation left no male heir to the throne |
| Pragmatic Sanction | recognized right of Maria Theresa to inherit Austrian throne. |
| Maria Theresa | Holy Roman Empress. Lead Austria in war against Prussia |
| Seven year war | called French and Indian War in America |
| Peace of Paris 1754 | ended the Seven Year War. England gets Canada |
| Ivan I | "Moneybag". 1st Grand Prince of Russia |
| Ivan III | "Ivan the Great" founder of modern Russia drove Mongols out. |
| Ivan IV | "Ivan the terrible" 1st crowned Czar of Russia |
| Moscow | "Third Rome" |
| Reign of Terror | Boyars nobility of Moscow executed 1000's |
| Czar Michael Romanov | 1st of Romanov Dynasty rulling family of Russia from 1613-1917 |
| Peter the Great | Introduced Western Technology & French culture & Goverment |
| St. Petersburg | Venice of the North |
| Catherine the Great | Czarina |
| Winter Palace | home of Czar & Czarina |
