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| Abstract | A summary of the paper, usually between 100 and 500 words that describes the most important aspects of the study |
| Confounding Variable | An unforeseen, and unaccounted-for variable that jeopardizes reliability and validity of an experiment's outcome. |
| ANCOVA (Analysis Of Co-Variance) | Same method as ANOVA, but analyzes differences between dependent variables. |
| Anecdotal | Information based on casual observations or indications rather than rigorous or scientific analysis. Information based on casual observations or indications rather than rigorous or scientific analysis. Information based on casual observations or indications rather than rigorous or scientific analysis. |
| ANOVA (Analysis Of Variance) A method of statistical analysis broadly applicable to a number of research designs, used to determine differences among the means of two or more groups on a variable. The independent variables are usually nominal, and the dependent variable is usual an interval. | Used to determine differences among the means of two or more groups on a variable. The independent variables are usually nominal, and the dependent variable is usual an interval. |
| Apparency | Clear, understandable representation of the data Clear, understandable representation of the data |
| Attrition | The loss of participants from a sample being used in a study. Attrition may be due to participants dropping of the study out or losing contact with researchers. The loss of participants from a sample being used in a study. Attrition may be due to participants dropping of the study out or losing contact with researchers. |
| Bell Curve | A frequency distribution statistics. Normal distribution is shaped like a bell. |
| Case Study | An in depth study of individual unit - individual, group, institution, organization, or program. The case may be a individual, a city, an event, a system, or any other possible object for analysis. The advantage of the case study method is that it allows more intensive analyses of specific empirical details. However, it is difficult to use the results to generalize to other cases |
| Case-Control Study | Compares people with a disease or condition ('cases') to another group of people from the same population who don't have that disease or condition ('controls'). |
| Causal Model | The relationship established that shows that an independent variable, and nothing else, causes a change in a dependent variable. Establishes, also, how much of a change is shown in the dependent variable |
| Causality | The relation between cause and effect |
| Central Tendency | These measures indicate the middle or center of a distribution. |
| Cohort Study | A group of people clearly identified: this study follows that group over time, and reports on what happens to them. |
| Conclusion | Responds to the original research question and hypothesis to answer the question. What did the study show? It should bring coherence to the study. |
| Confidence Interval | The range around a numeric statistical value obtained from a sample, within which the actual, corresponding value for the population is likely to fall, at a given level of probability. |
| Confidence Level | The specific probability of obtaining some result from a sample if it did not exist in the population as a whole, at or below which the relationship will be regarded as statistically significant. |
| Confidence Limits | The range of scores or percentages within which a population percentage is likely to be found on variables that describe that population |
| Confirmability | Objectivity; the findings of the study could be confirmed by another person conducting the same study |
| Accuracy | A term used in survey research to refer to the match between the target population and the sample A term used in survey research to refer to the match between the target population and the sample A term used in survey research to refer to the match between the target population and the sample |
