| A | B |
|---|
| Construct Validity | Seeks an agreement between a theoretical concept and a specific measuring device, such as observation |
| Deviation | The distance between the mean and a particular data point in a given distribution |
| Context Sensitivity | Awareness by a qualitative researcher of factors such as values and beliefs that influence cultural behaviors |
| Continuous Variable | A variable that may have fractional values, e.g., height, weight and time. |
| Control Group | A group in an experiment that receives not treatment in order to compare the treated group against a norm. |
| Controlled Settings | A control is a standard against which experimental observations may be evaluated. In a controlled group study, one group of participants is given an intervention, while another group (i.e., the control group) is given the standard treatment or a placebo. |
| Convergent Validity | The general agreement among ratings, gathered independently of one another, where measures should be theoretically related. |
| Correlation | A common statistical analysis, usually abbreviated as r, that measures the degree of relationship between pairs of interval variables in a sample. |
| Covariate | A product of the correlation of two related variables times their standard deviations. Used in true experiments to measure the difference of treatment between them. |
| Credibility | A researcher's ability to demonstrate that the object of a study is accurately identified and described, based on the way in which the study was conducted |
| Criterion Related Validity | Used to demonstrate the accuracy of a measuring procedure by comparing it with another procedure which has been demonstrated to be valid; also referred to as instrumental validity. |
| Cross-Validation | A method of testing validity by using more than one sample of people from the same population |
| Data | Recorded observations, usually in numeric or textual form |
| Data-Driven Decision Making | A process of making decisions about curriculum and instruction based on the analysis of classroom data and standardized test data |
| Deductive | A form of reasoning in which conclusions are formulated about particulars from general or universal premises |
| Dependability | Being able to account for changes in the design of the study and the changing conditions surrounding what was studied. |
| Dependent Variable | A variable that receives stimulus and measured for the effect the treatment has had upon it. |
| Descriptive Research | A descriptive study reports the way things are. It is also used to summarize, organize and simplify data. |
| Design Flexibility | A quality of an observational study that allows researchers to pursue inquiries on new topics or questions that emerge from initial research |
| Content Validity | The extent to which a measurement reflects the specific intended domain of content. |
