| A | B |
|---|
| ASTRONOMY | The study of the moon, stars, and the objects in space. |
| light year | the DISTANCE light can travel in a year - (at 150,000,000 km/sec - the speed of light) |
| au-astronomical unit | distance between Earth and the Sun; used to more easily compare and measure the distances from the sun for each planet |
| dwarf planets | a non-satellite celcestial body that: is in orbit around the sun and has sufficient mass so that it assumes a nearly round shape |
| star | made of extremly hot gasses: produces heat and light, and can be less than one tenth in diameter of the sun to over 100 times the diametor of the sun |
| planet | is in orbit around the sun, has sufficient mass that that it assumes a nearly round shape, "cleared the neighborhood" around its orbit. |
| asteroid | are pieces of rock moving through space, most in the asteriods bet but some in other areas of the solar system |
| galaxy | collection of billions of stars, identified by there shape, can be spiral, spherical, or irregular |
| small solar system bodies | all other objects orbiting the sun shall be refered to collectivly as " smal solar system bodies", most asteriods |
| comets | made of rock dust, frozen water and gasses, appear to have a fuzzy head and long tail |
| moon | spherical object tthat orbit planets, every solar system has atleast one moon |
| meteorids | fragment of debris in space |
| metorite | meteor that reaches ground |
| photosphere | surface of the sun that we can see |
| eclipse | when the moon blocks the sun and you can only see the corona |
| chromosphere | the layer of the solar atmosphere that is located above the photosphere and beneath the corona , the chromoshpere is hotter that then photosphere but not as hot as the corna |
| corona | the outermost layer of the solar atomosphere, the corona consisits of transpartent gas with temps from 1-2 million degrees celious, it is visable to the naked eye during a solar eclipse |
| sunspots | are made from strong magnetic fields that usally occur in pairs or groups of opposite polarity that move together across the surface of the sun. Sunspots are the foot prints of magnetic loops. the loops push through the sufreace of the sun. because the footprint is a little cooler it apperas to be darker agaisnt the bright surface |
| solar flares | rapid release of large amounts of engery froma small region on the sun in the fomr of electromagtic radiation and engertic particiles |
| promineces | a structure in the corona made of cool plasma supported by magnetic fields, may become parts of cmes if theyl lift off the sun. |
| cme | conral huge magnetic bubble of plasma and magnetic field lines that erupts formt eh suns cornona and travels through space at high speeds, change particles and magnetic fields can cause power and communication outages, loss of satellites, and cause health problems for astronauts if the cme passed the earths magnetosphere |
| solar wind | the plasma and magnetic engery coming out of the sun in at very high speeds and over about 400 km/se almost a milli mph, can cause disruption of setllite operations, communication, navigation, and electric power distrubition grids, leading to a varitety of losses |
| fusion | join 2+ nuclier and create energy |
| fission | split a nuclieus |
| 1light year = | 5,850,000,000,000 miles nearly 6 trillion miles |
| galaxies | a colletion of billions of stars at their systems |
| galaxies type one:spiral | shaped like a disk, usually with a bludge in the center and with rms that sprial outwards as the galaxy rotates, spiral galaxies tend to contain more middle aged stars and clouds of gas and dust |
| galaxies type two: elliptical | contain older stars and very little gas and dust. they can be different shapes ranging from round, to flattend, alonagated spheres |
| galaxies type three: irrregular | undefined shape and has lots of young stars, dust and gass |
| spectometer | instument for recording the spectrum of an object by measuring how much radtion comes fromt eh object over a range of wavelenghts |
| spectrum | a graph of the intensity of radiation given off by an object at differnt wavelenghts |
| spectroph | it is used in astronomy to see the atomic makeup of a material |
| order of the planets | mercry,venus, earth, mars, jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune |
