| A | B |
|---|
| rock | elements, minerals, chemical compounds |
| minerals | building blocks of the planet |
| minerals specific characteristics | natural, solid, ordered atomic arrangement, inorganic, definite chemical composition |
| coal | NOT a mineral |
| minerals order | specific pattern in a mineral (see green drawing) |
| glass | sold with disordered atoms (see green drawing) |
| How is the shape of minerals determined? | the shape is controlled by the surrounding where they are growing and the space available to them |
| crystals | grows when mineral grains can grow unobstructed |
| what are the 2 most abundant elements in earth's crust? | silicon and oxygen |
| 2 most common minerals | silicate and oxide |
| silicate | has silicate anion (quartz and feldspars) |
| oxide | has oxygen anion |
| silicates | most important rock building material |
| tetrahedon structure | four large oxygen atoms at corners with silicon in center; they link together to form rings and chains |
| Properties of minerals | color, streak, luster, hardness, specific gravity, crystal habit, crystal form, fracture and cleavage |
| Moh's Hardness Scale | used to determine hardess of a mineral |
| Fingernail | 2.5 |
| copper penny | 3.5 |
| Hardest mineral? | diamond 10 |
| softest mineral? | talc, graphite 1 |
| cleavage | tendency to break along planes of weakness |
| fracture | occurs for minerals that lack planes of weakness |
| rocks | naturally formed aggregate of minerals and other solid materials |
| coherent rock | cemented together |
| naturally occuring rock | forms naturally (NOT concrete or brick) |
| aggregate | has mineral crystals or grains with other materials |
| clastic rocks | grains are bonded by natural cement, comes from water precipitation and fills the space between grains |
| crystalline rocks | grains interlock with one another like a jigsaw puzzle |
| igneous rock | formed from cooling magma |
| sedimentary rock | formed by chemcial precipitation of material from water at Earth's surface |
| metamorphic rock | igneous or sedimentary rocks that have changed under high temperatures |
| MOST abundant rock in crust? | igneous 64.7 percent |
| 2nd most abundant rock in crust? | metamorphic |
