| A | B |
|---|
| Binomial nomenclature | A system for naming organisms developed by Linnaeus - 2 names: 1st genus, capitalized; 2nd species, lower case underline or italicized |
| Taxon | Each level of organization in Linnaeus’s classification system: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species |
| Classification | To organize and identify living organisms |
| Domain | Eukarya / Archaeabacteria / Eubacteria (boradest, most general taxa) |
| Taxonomy | The study of the classification of organisms |
| Cladogram | A diagram that illustrates the evolutionary relationships between organisms |
| Archaea AKA Archaeabacteria | Prokaryotic Domain and Kingdom that consists of bacteria that live in extreme conditions; unicellular; cell wall does not contain peptidoglycan; can be heterotrophs or chemoautotrophs |
| Eubacteria AKA Bacteria | Prokaryotic Domain and Kingdom that consists of most bacteria; Unicellular; cell wall contains peptidoglycan; heterotrophs, some autotrophs; classified as animal like, plant like, fungus like |
| Fungus | Kingdom: Eukaryote; unicellular (yeast) and multicellular (mushrooms); heterotrophs; absorb nutrients |
| Protist | Kingdom: Eukaryote; multicellular, unicellular, or live in colonies; most diverse kingdom of organisms |
| Capsule | outer protective structure in bacteria |
| Pilus | structure that allows sexual reproduction to occur in bacteria; a tube that DNA is passed through |
| Binary fission | Asexual reproduction in bacteria |
| Endospore | Structure produced by some bacteria that allows organism to survive inhospitable conditions for a long period of time |
| Conjugation | Sexual reproduction in bacteria/prokaryotes |
| Virus | Non-living; consists of protein coat & hereditary material |
| Capsid | Outer protein coat of a virus |
| Lytic cycle | Reproductive cycle in viruses that results in the host cell bursting open (lysis) and releasing multiple viruses |
| Lysogenic cycle | Reproductive cycle in viruses when the viral genetic material is inserted into the host cell's genetic material forming a provirus or prophage; viral material is copied every time the cell divides resulting in multiple infected cells. (i.e. herpes, cold sores) |
| Piron | An infectious protein that can cause disease; i.e., mad cow disease |
| Retrovirus | A virus with RNA as its hereditary material |
