| A | B |
|---|
| heredity | passing of physical traits from parent to offspring |
| genetics | the scientific study of heredity |
| trait | different form of a characteristic (ex. hair color) |
| Gregor Mendel | Austrian priest who studied the inheritance of traits in pea plants. It became the basis for the modern theory of genetics |
| fertilization | process when an egg and sperm join to produce a new orgamism |
| purebred | offspring that comes from parents with the same traits (ex. mom is pure pure short, dad is pure short) |
| gene | factor/information found on a chromosome that controls a trait. A segment of DNA |
| P Generation | parental generation; the two organisms that cross to produce an offspring |
| F1, F2 Generations | filial generation; F1=the offspring of the P1 generation; F2=the offspring of the F1 generation |
| Allele | different forms of a gene (hair color: red form, brown form, blond form, black form) |
| dominant | trait that always show up in the orgaisms when the allele is present |
| recessive | trait that does not show up in the organism when the dominant allele is present |
| hybrid | offspring that has two different alleles (ex. Tt, Hh, Pp) |
| probability | number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur. (ex. 25% chance for homozygous curly) |
| Punnett Square | a chart that shows all possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross; it also shows the probability of a specific outcome |
| phenotype | the physical appearance of an organism (ex. curly hair) |
| genotype | the genetic makeup (combination of alleles) of an organism (ex. curly hair, with either Cc or CC) |
| homozygous | when an organism has two identical alleles for a trait (ex. CC, cc) |
| heterozygous | when an organism has two different alleles for a trait (ex. Cc) |
| codominance | alleles are not competing, they both are expressed (ex. cross a white flower and a pink flower...will get a pink flower) |
