| A | B |
|---|
| Due Process | The government must act fairly and in accord with established rules in all that it does |
| Substantive Due Process | Involves the "what" of governmental action |
| Procedural Due Process | Involves the "how" of governmental action |
| Police Power | The authority of each State to act to protect and promote the public health, safety, morals, and general welfare |
| Search Warrant | A court order authorizing a search |
| Involuntary Servitude | Forced labor |
| Discrimination | Bias; unfairness |
| Writs of Assistance | Blanket search warrants with which British customs officials had invaded private homes to search for smuggled goods |
| Probable Cause | Reasonable suspicion of a crime |
| Exclusionary Rule | Evidence gained as the result of an illegal act by police cannot be used at the trial of the person from whom it was seized |
| Writ of Habeas Corpus | Intended to prevent arrests and imprisonments; a court order directed to an officer holding a prisoner |
| Bill of Attainder | A legislative act that inflicts punishment without a court trial |
| Ex Post Facto Law | A law passed after the fact; applies to an act committed before its passage |
| Grand Jury | The formal device by which a person can be accused of a serious crime |
| Indictment | A formal complaint that the prosecutor lays before a grand jury |
| Double Jeopardy | Once a person has been tried for a crime, he or she cannot be tried again for the same crime |
| Bench Trial | Case that only the judge hears |
| Bail | A sum of money that the accused may be required to post as a guarantee that he or she will appear in court at the proper time |
| Preventive Detention | An order that the accused can be held, without bail, when there is good reason to believe that he or she will commit another serious crime before trial |
| Capital Punishment | Punishment by death |
| Treason | A betrayal of one's country |
| Miranda Rule | Right to remain silent, warned of what they say can be used in court, attorney can be provided, may bring questioning to an end at any time |
