| A | B |
|---|
| matter | anything that has mass and takes up space |
| substance | a type of matter with a fixed composition (elements and compounds are examples) |
| mixture | two or more things that are blended or mixed physically (not a substance) |
| hetergeneous mixture | easily recognizable particles that settle out of the mixture over time |
| homogeneous mixture | particles in the mixture are bleneded evenly and are not easily recognizable and do not settle out |
| solution | a homogeneous mixture made of particles that are so small they cannot be seen even with a microscope |
| colloid | like a solution, particles do not settle out, particles are larger or in varying proportions, particles scatter light (paint, fog, milk, hair gel) |
| Tyndall Effect | ability to scatter light |
| physical properties | characteristics you can observe without changing the identity or chemical composition of a substance (color, shape, size, density, melting point) |
| physical change | a change in size, shape, or state of matter (can be used to separate) |
| chemical properties | characteristics of a substance that indicate whether or not it can undergo a chemical change or reaction |
| flammability | a chemical property of a substance, the degree to which a substance will burn |
| chemical change | a change from one substance to another, can be detected by foaming, heat, light, sound |
| examples of physical changes | breaking a pencil, melting butter, distilling water |
| examples of chemical changes | baking a cake, burning paper, steel turning to rust |
| law of conversation of mass | mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction, it simply changes from one form to another |
| kinetic theory | explains how particles in matter behave, all matter is composed of small particles, particles are in constant random motion, particles are colliding with each other and the walls of the container, degree of movement depends on the state of matter (solid, liquid, or gas) |
| thermal energy | the energy which causes the particles to move or vibrate |
| temperature | a measurement of kinetic energy (KE is the movement of the particles) |
| melting point | the point within a solid where the particles gain enough energy to slip out of their ordered arrangement |
| heat of fusion | energy required to make something melt |
| boiling point | the temperature at which the pressure of the vapor in the liquid is equal to the external pressure acting on the liquid's surface |
| heat of vaporization | the amount of energy needed to move a liquid to its boiling point and make it become a vapor |
| thermal expansion | the increase in size of a substance as the temperature of the substance increases (water is an exception, it expands when it freezes) |
| suspension | a type of hetergenous mixture containing a liquid where visible particles settle out over time (like muddy water) |
| solid | definite size and shape, particles vibrate slowly in fixed positions |
| liquid | definite volume, fills shape of the container it is in, particles move more rapidly than solids |
| gas | no definite volume or shape, fills container it is in, particles move more rapidly than liquids |
| plasma | highest energy state, particles move fasted and are charged, no definite volume or shape |
