| A | B |
|---|
| Marbury v. Madison (1803) | established judicial review |
| McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) | established national supremacy; established implied powers; use of elastic clause' state unable to tax federal institution; John Marshall |
| Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) | established a broad interpretation of the Commerce Clause; determined power of Congress encompassed virtually every form of commercial activity |
| Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) | established separate but equal |
| Schenck v. U.S. (1919) | clear and present danger test, limits on speech especially in wartime, Oliver Wendall Holmes |
| Gitlow v. NY (1925) | Established precedent of federalizing Bill of Rights (applying them to the states); states cannot deny freedom of speech protected through due process clause of 14th Amendment |
| Near v. Minnesota (1931) | held that the 1st Amendment protects newspapers from prior restraint |
| Korematsu v. U.S. (1944) | Upheld as constitutional the internment of Americans with Japanese descent during WWII |
| Brown v. Board of Education, 1st (1954) | school segregation unconstitutional; overturned separate but equal; judicial activism of Warren Court; unanimous decision |
| Brown v. Board 2 (1955) | ordered schools to desegregate with all due and deliberate speed |
| Roth v. United States (1957) | established that obscenity is not within the area of constitutionally protected speech or press |
| Mapp v. Ohio (1961) | Established exclusionary rule; illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in court; Warren Court |
| Engel v. Vitale (1962) | prohibited state sponsored recitation of prayer in public schools by virtue of the 1st Amendment's establishment clause and the 14th Amendment's due process clause; Warren Court |
| Baker v. Carr (1962) | one man, one vote; ordered state legislative districts to be as near equal as possible in population; Warren Court |
| Abington v. Schempp (1963) | prohibited devotional Bible reading in public schools by virtue of establishment clause and 14th Amendment's due process clause; Warren Court |
| Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) | Ordered states to provide lawyers for those unable to afford them in criminal proceedings. Warren Court |
| Wesberry v. Sanders (1963) | Ordered House districts to be as near equal in population as possible |
| NY Times v. Sullivan (1964) | Held that statements about public figures are libelous only if made with malice and reckless disregard for the truth |
| Griswold v. Connectict (1965) | established right of privacy through 4th and 9th Amendments. Set a precedent for Roe v. Wade |
| Miranda v. Arizona (1965) | Estalished Mirana warnings of counsel and silence. Warren Court |
| Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971) | established 3 part test to determine if establishment clause is violated; nonsecular purpose, advances/inhibits religion, excessive entanglement with government |
| Miller v. California (1973) | established that community standards be used in determining whether material is obscene in terms of appealing to prurient interest, being patently offensive, and lacking in value |
| Roe v. Wade (1973) | established national abortion guidelines; inferred from right of privacy established in Griswold v. Connecticut |
| U.S. v. Nixon (1974) | allowed for executive privilege, but not in criminal cases; even the president is not above the law |
| Buckley v. Valeo (1976) | 1st Amendment protects campaign spending; one can spend as much of their own money on their own campaign as they wish |
| Gregg v. Georgia (1976) | upheld the constitutionality of the death penalty; death penalty does not constitute cruel and unusual punishment; overturned Furman v. Georgia (1972) |
| U.C. Regents v. Bakke (1978) | Bakke and UC Davis Med School; declared strict quotas unconstitutional but states may allow race to be taken into account as ONE factor in admissions decisions. |
| Texas v. Johnson (1989) | struck down a law banning the burning of the American flag on the grounds taht such action was symbolic speech protected by the 1st Amendment |
| Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992) | States can regulate abortion, but not with regulations that impose undue burdens upon women; did not overturn Roe, but gave state more leeway in regulating abortion (waiting periods, parental consent for minors) |
| Shaw v. Reno (1993) | No racial gerrymandering; race cannot be the sole or predominant factor in redrawing legislative boundaires; majority-minority districts |
| U.S. v. Lopez (1995) | Gun Free School Zones Act exceeded congressional authority to regulate interstate commerce. |
| Clinton v. NY (1998) | banned presidential use of line item veto |
| Bush v. Gore (2000) | use of 14th Amendment's equal protection clause to stop the Florida recount in the 2000 election |
| Zelman v. Simmons- Harris (2002) | Public money can be used to send disadvantaged children to religious schools in tuition voucher programs |
| Gratz v. Bollinger (2003) | struck down use of bonus points for racde in undergrad admissions at University of Michigan |
| Gutter v. Bollinger (2003) | Allowed the use of race as a general factor in law school admissions at University of Michigan |
