| A | B |
|---|
| The most recent common ancestor of all land plants | green algae |
| Life cycles with alternating haploid and diploid phases. | alternation of generations |
| Cuticles, tracheids, reduced gametophytes, and seeds. | adaptations to life on land |
| Plant spores give rise to | gametophytes |
| Where are fern antheridia and archegonium found? | on the underside of the gametophyte |
| Consists of an anther and filament. | stamen |
| Provides for secondary growth. | vascular cambium |
| Provides for primary growth | apical meristem |
| The food storing tissue of the seed. | endosperm |
| Producing two types of spores differing in size and sex. | heterosporous |
| The dominant plants during the Carboniferous period. | giant lycophytes, horsetails, and ferns |
| The primary way in which pine trees disperse their seeds. | wind |
| The structure that passes through the micropyle for fertilization. | 2 sperm nuclei and a pollen tube |
| Which flower part develops into a seed? | ovule |
| Which flower part develops into a fruit? | ovary |
| Vessel elements, sieve cells, tracheids, and companion cells | vascular tissues |
| Long, thin tapered cells with lignified cell walls. | tracheids |
| Living cells that transport sugars and other organic nutrients. | sieve cells |
| Non-specialized cells that serve in synthesis, secretion and storage. | parenchyma |
| Cells with thick primary walls that support elongating plant parts. | collenchyma |
| Mature cells without protoplasts with thick, lignified walls. | sclerenchyma |
| Pores on the leaf surface that function in gas exchange. | stomata |
| What increases root surface area for absorption. | root hairs |
| What ensures that all water and dissolved substances must pass through a cell before entering the stele. | Casparian strip |
| Component of nucleic acids, proteins, hormones, and coenzymes | nitrogen |
| Component of chlorophyll; activates many enzymes | magnesium |
| Component of nucleic acids, phospholipids and ATP | phosphorus |
| Cofactor functional in protein sytmesis; osmosis; operation of the stomata | potassium |
| A mutualistic association between a root and a fungus. | mycorrhizae |
| Plants that grow on other plants but do not obtain nutrients from their hosts. | epiphytes |
| Why do carnivorous plants trap and digest small animals? | to obtain minerals |
| Pollen is released from what structure? | anther |
| Enhances fruit ripening. | ethylene |
| Stimulates stem growth through cell elongation. | auxin |
| Stimulates seed germination | gibberellins |
| Promotes seed dormancy; causes flowers, fruits, and leaves to drop from plants. | abscisic acid |
| Directional growth in which the direction of growth is determined by the direction of the light source. | phototropism |
| Growth movement by a plant or fungus in response to gravity. | gravitropism |
| Plant movement or growth in response to touch or contact stimuli. | thigmotropism |
