| A | B |
|---|
| glomenephritis | antigen-antibody reaction causing inflamamation |
| lab values in nephrotic syndrome | increased urinary protein, decreased serum albumin, increased cholesterol |
| symptoms of nephrotic syndrome | edema |
| signs and symptoms of nephritic syndrome | severe hematuria (no clots), oliguria, htn, decreased gfr |
| glomerulonephritis often due to | Group A strep infections (also mumps,mono, impetigo) |
| symptoms of glomerulonephritis | periorbital edema, fever, chills |
| signs of glomerulonephritis | cola colored urine (due to rbcs & acid urine), casts in urine, proteinuria (urine foaming), increase in ASO titer, elevation of BUN/cr., oliguria, anemia, renal failure |
| treatment for glomerulonephritis | pcn (or emycin if allergic); restrict salt |
| severe effects of glomerulonephritis | chf, encephalopathy |
| main sign of chronic glomerulonephritis | HTN (also edema, anemia) |
| symptosm of chronic glomerulonephritis | yellow skin, edema, decreased dtrs, confusion |
| dx for chronic glomerulonephritis | gfr <50, increased protein and casts in the urine, metabolic acidosis, anemia, hyperkalemai, hypoalbuminemia, decreased calcium |
| tx chronic glomerulonephritis | steroids, cytotoxic agents, dialysis, electrolyte balance, etc. |
| nursing for nephrotic syndrome | check bp, diet less sodium /potassium, increased protein intake, check urine output |
| renal artery stenosis causes | renal vasculare htn |
| >5 yrs. of uncontrolled htn leads to | nephrosclerosis |
| nephrotic syndrome can lead to this disorder or vascularture | renal vein thrombosis |
| nephrosclerosis causes this change in renin antiogtensin system | stimulated/ activated by malignant htn |
| leads to failure within 2 hrs. | renal artery occlusion |
| renal artery occlusion: embolectomy? | not indicated as damage already done |
| how renal artery stenosis dx | u/s, renal scan, arteriogram |
| lab abnormalitiy in renal artery stenosis | elevated ldh |
| risk factors for kidney stones | urinary stasis, urinary saturation |
| kidney stones symptoms | pain, uti's, nausea, vomiting |
| fluids required in kidney stones | 3-4 liters per day |
| bladder cancer risk factors | artifical sweeteners, chronic uti's, cig. smoking |
| bladder cancer signs/symptoms | painless hematuria, bladder irritability |
| bladder cancer tx | radiation, chemotherapy (intravescicular), systemic chemotherapy, surgery |
| most common conduit used in bladder cancer | ileum |
| for urinary diversion nursing care recommendations | vit c, cranberry juice, no specific diet, good skin care |
| nursinc care for any urinary diversion | turn pt. every 2 hrs., check output every hour from each kidney separately |
| renal cancer most common type | adenocarcinoma |
| renal cancer risk factors | gender, smoking, family hx |
| common early symptoms renal cancer | none |
| later symptoms of renal cancer | anemia, fatigue, flank pain, hematuria, palpable mass, metastases |
| most useful for dx of renal cancer | IVP, u/s (ct abdomen), needle aspiration, mri |
| stage I renal CA | limited to renal capsule |
| stage II renal CA | spreading to perirenal fat |
| stage III renal CA | regional lymph node involvement, tumor thrombus in renal vein or venal cava |
| stage IV renal CA | presence of distant metastases |
| tx of choice for renal CA | radical nephrectomy (chemotherapy NOT effective) |
| severe effects of radical nephrectomy | hypotension, hemorhage, adrenal insufficiency (large loses of water & sodium, high urinary output) |
| survival in renal cancer | poor |
| removed in radical nephrectomy | kidney, lymph nodes, adrenal glands, perirenal fat |
| nursing care in post-nephrectomy | make sure adequate fluid intake, check lytes, administration of blood for hemodynamic staiblity, abx, don't clamp tubes or clamps without order, record drainage on dressings, daily wts. |
| position during nephrectomy surgery | hyperextended and sidelying |
| flank, just below diaphram and often involves the 12th rib | operative site for nephrectomy |
| avoid resp problems after nephrectomy by | frequent ambulation, incentive spironmety |
| bowel/diet after nephrectomy | npo until bowel sounds return, regular diet 4th day post op |
| activity restrictions after nephrectomy | no more than 6 lbs. until after 6 weeks |
| trauma to the urinary tract see: | hematuria in 80% of cases |
| workup of trauma pt.to check urinary problems | IVP, mri, ct scan,kub |
