| A | B |
|---|
| hypotonic solution | concentration of solutes is lower than inside the cell |
| hypertonic solution | concentration of solutes is higher than inside the cell |
| isotonic solution | concentration of solutes is the same as inside the cell |
| plasmolysis | shrinking of the plant cell cytoplasm |
| pinocytosis | process in which cell membrane surrounds and encloses extracellular liquid |
| phagocytosis | process in which cell membrane surrounds and encloses a large piece of material as food |
| turgor | the type of pressure inside a cell that gives plant cells rigidity |
| diffusion | net movement of particles from higher concentration to lower concentration |
| osmosis | the net movement of water molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration |
| active transport | the net movement of particles from lower concentration to higher concentration |
| cell membrane | phospholipid bilayer |
| concentration gradient | the difference in concentration from one region to another |
| dynamic equilibrium | materials move into and out of the cell at equal rates |
| cholesterol | molecule that strengthens the cell membrane and makes it more stable |
| unsaturated fatty acids | makes the cell membrane fluid |
| phospholipid | has a polar water-soluble head |
| protein molecules | embedded in cell membrane |
| cellular homeostasis | maintaining a balance by controlling the materials that enter and leave the cell |
| passive transport | materials move across the cell membrane by diffusion and energy is not needed |
| faciltated diffusion | transport proteins aid in the movement of certain molecules across the cell membrane |
| against concentration gradient | movement of particles from lower to higher concentration |
| down the concentration gradient | movement from higher to lower concentration |
