| A | B |
|---|
| mutation | a change in the DNA sequence that affects genetic information |
| gene mutation | a change that alters or affects a singe gene |
| chromosome mutation | a change that alters a whole or part of a chromosome |
| point mutation | a change that alters a single nucleotide in the DNA sequence of bases |
| frameshift mutation | addition or deletion of a base in the DNA sequence that causes all codons after the change to be misread |
| substitution | replacing one base in a codon with a different base |
| insertion | placing a new base into the DNA sequence |
| deletion | removing a base from the DNA sequence |
| chromosomal deletion | part chromosome breaks off and is lost |
| chromosomal duplication | a section of a chromosome is repeated |
| chromosomal inversion | part of chromosome breaks off and rejoins the chromosome in the reverse order |
| chromosomal translocation | part of chromosome breaks off and joins a nonhomologous chromosome |
| ABCD -> ACD | example of a chromosomal deletion |
| ABCD -> ABCBCD | example of a chromosomal duplication |
| ABCD -> ADCB | example of a chromosomal inversion |
| ABCD and GHIK -> ABCDGH and IK | example of a chromosomal translocation |
