| A | B |
|---|
| fossil | remains or traces of ancient organisms |
| relative dating | arranging fossils or rocks in chronological order to compare them |
| absolute dating | using radioactivity levels to determine the age of a fossil |
| half-life | the time it takes for an element to decay to half of its original radioactivity levels |
| C-14 | an element in the atmosphere which is absorbed by living organisms |
| a radioactive element often used to date organic matter | decaying C-14 |
| geologic time scale | a history of Earth used to show how organisms have changed over time |
| units of the geologic time scale | eons, eras, periods, and epochs |
| 4.5 billion years ago | Theory of how long ago Earth was formed |
| 3.5 billion years ago | Theory of when the first forms of life appeared on Earth |
| amino acids | Theory that they "landed" on Earth inside meteorites, possibly helping to start life on Earth |
| salt crystals inside meteorites | contained water droplets |
| continental drift | caused due to tectonic plate movement |
| science of classification | taxonomy |
| Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species | correct order of classification groups |
| Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Family, Order, Genus, Species | Incorrect order of classification groups |
| archaebacteria, eubacteria, protista, fungi, plantae, animalia | list of 6 kingdoms |
| eukaryote | cell with a nucleus |
| prokaryote | cell without a nucleus |
| all bacteria are these | prokaryotes |
| virus | consists of protein coat & genetic information |
| bacteria | have a cell wall |
| binary fission | bacteria reproducing by splitting into 2 daughter cells |
| conjugation | sexual reproduction of bacteria, where parts of a cell's genetic information is transferred to another cell |
| transformation | cells pick up bits and pieces of DNA from other bacteria |
| lytic cycle | reproductive method of viruses where cell is invaded by virus and eventually bursts with many new viruses |
| lysogenic cycle | reproductive method of viruses where the virus remains dormant for a period of time |
| retrovirus | a virus copies its RNA into DNA, which it then inserts into a host cell's chromosomes |
| a host cell | a virus can only reproduce within this |
| live in extreme environments | archaebacteria |
| eubacteria | known as modern bacteria |
| moon | thought to be formed from Earth's crust and mantle |
| mountain ranges | formed from colliding tectonic plates |
| first bacteria that helped fill atmosphere with oxygen | cyanobacteria |
| dust particles orbiting the sun | what formed the Earth |
| experiment conducted in space | proved that salt particles could bond together, therefore it was possible that the Earth formed from dust particles |
| Stanley Miller & Harold Urey | proved that amino acids could be spontaneously created through a mixture of certain elements & an electric spark |
| Earth melted, allowing for these to sink to the bottom and form its core | heavier elements such as iron |
| Carolus Linnaeus | lived in the mid 1700's, and created the first biological classification naming system |
| cell walls contain peptidoglycan | eubacteria |
| round-shaped bacterial cells | Coccus |
| rod-shaped bacterial cells | Bacillus |
| spiral-shaped bacterial cells | Spirillum |
| is smaller than a bacterial cell | a virus |
