| A | B |
| Zionism | movement calling Jews to establish a Jewish state in their ancient homeland |
| shah | king |
| OPEC | organization of oil countries |
| theocracy | government run by a religious leader |
| phosphates | mineral salts that contain the element phosphorus an dare used to make fertilizer |
| kosher | Hebrew word for fit |
| Bedouins | Arabic-speaking nomads mostly in the deserts of SW Asia |
| oasis | wet, fertile area in a desert that forms where underground water bubbles to the surface |
| wadi | wells dug into dry streambeds |
| fossil water | water under the surface that cannot be replaced by rainfall |
| embargo | limit or ban on trade |
| yurt | moveable round house made of wool felt mats hung over a wood frame |
| Taliban | radical Muslim group |
| dryland farming | farming that relies on rainfall instead of irrigation |
| arable | suitable for farming |