| A | B |
|---|
| Parietal peritoneum | outer layer of the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity |
| Absorption | To take in or soak up. |
| anastomosis | surgical connection of two hollow or tubular structures |
| Appendix | a vestigial process that extends from the lower end of the cecum and that resembles a small pouch |
| bicarbonate | acid-base balancer secreted by the pancreas |
| Bile | Secreation of the liver that emulsifies fats, preparing them for further digestion and absorption in the SI. |
| Chole- | Combining form that means bile |
| Cholecystectomy | removal of the gallbladder. Usually done laprascopic, if not then a kocher incision is used for maximum exposure. |
| Cholelithiasis | Gall stones~ classified as cholesterol or pigmented. |
| Chyle | White liquid, consisting of products of digestion, mostly emulsified fats, passes in SI to lymphatics. |
| chyme | a semiliquid mass of partially digested food that passes from the stomach through the pyloric sphincter into the duodenum |
| Chyme | Thick, semifluid contents of the stomach formed during digestion. |
| common bile duct | The duct that carries bile from the gallbladder and liver to the small intestine (duodenum). |
| -cysto | Bladder |
| indirect Inguinal hernia | Occurs when the peritoneal SAC containing intestines protrudes through the inguinal ring and passes down the inguinal canal. It's usually congenital and common in males. |
| Direct Inguinal hernia | A protrusion through a weakness in the abdominal wall in a region known as Hesselbach's triangle, NO SAC. Usually acquired due to straining, heavy lifting, and chronic coughing. Most difficult type to repair and more common in males. |
| -docho- | Intestines |
| duodenum | first part of small intestines, most digestion takes place, chemicals released from liver, gall bladder, and pancreas |
| -ectomy | Removal of |
| Excision | Surgical removal |
| Femoral hernia | A defect in the transversalis fascia below the inguinal ligament, as well as the protrusion of the peritoneal sac through the femoral ring. Most common in females. |
| Greater omentum | a saclike mesentery that extends from the greater curvature of the stomach, it covers the contents of the abdomen in an apron-like fashion. Also limits peritoneal infection. |
| Hiatal (Diaphragmatic) hernia | Either fixed or sliding, a portion of the stomach protrudes through the hiatus of the diaphragm. |
| Identify the two layers of the peritoneum. | Parietal and visceral. |
| ileum | the part of the small intestine between the jejunum and the cecum |
| Incision | Cut made w/a sharp instrument ie scapel. |
| Irreducible/Incarcerated hernia | Inability to return hernial contents to the normal cavity w/manipulation. |
| islet of Langerhans | These are groups of cells in the pancreas that produce insulin, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide, the three pancreatic endocrine secretions. These hormones are important regulators of carbohydrate metabolism. |
| jejunum | second part of small intestines, absorbs nutrients from digested food |
| Lesser omentum | a serous membrane that extends from the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver. |
| localization of a tumor means the patient comes to surgery with | a wire or needle locating the mass |
| Lumpectomy | A partial mastectomy that consists of removal of the entire tumor mass along w/a least 1 to 2 cm surrounding nondiseased tissue. |
| lysis | Dissolution, loosening, or destruction of something. |
| Modified Radical Mastectomy | Includes the removal of the entire breast along w/all the axillary nodes. Some or all muscle is left in place. |
| Mucosa | innermost layer of digestive tract. it is in contact with the food. Made of epithelial tissue. It is the most varied from one region of the GI tract to another. |
| Mucous | describes the specialized mucous membranes that line the body cavities |
| Necrosis | Tissue death |
| -oma | Tumor |
| -ostomy | Create a new opening. |
| -otomy | Make an incision into. |
| pancreas | located partially behind the stomach in the abdomen, and it functions as both an endocrine and exocrine gland. It produces digestive enzymes as well as insulin and glucagon |
| Pancreatic amylase | enzyme from pancreas that breaks down starch |
| pancreatic duct | The main duct of the pancreas. The pancreatic duct carries the exocrine secretions of the pancreas (enzymes and bicarbonate) to the small intestine (duodenum). |
| Pantaloon hernia | Both a direct and indirect hernia found during inguinal hernia repair. |
| Parietal | Outer portion of a cavity or organ. |
| Peristalsis | Rythmis contractions of smooth muscle layers that force food through the GI tract/ |
| Peritoneum | A thin serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity. |
| Portal venous system | System that carries blood to a second capillary bed prior to returning blood to general circulation. |
| Radical Mastectomy | The entire breast is removed along w/axillary lymp nodes, the pectoral muscles, and all adjacent tissues. |
| Reducible hernia | Use of manipulation returns the hernial contents to their normal cavity. |
| Segmental Mastectomy | A wedge or quadrant of breast tissue is removed including the tumor mass and the lobe in which it is growing. |
| Serosa | another name for the visceral peritoneum, outermost covering of organs suspended in abdominopelvic cavity |
| Simple Mastectomy | The entire breast in removed w/o lymph node dissection. |
| -stasis | Stoppage or decrease of flow of bodily fluids. |
| Stenosis | Narrowing or constriction. |
| Strangulated hernia | An incarcerated hernia that lacks adequate blood supply and may become obstructed. This becomes a surgical emergency to prevent necrosis and gangrene of the strangulated tissue. |
| Submucosa | layer next to the mucosa which contains blood vessels, lymph vessels, connective tissue, and nerves |
| transverse colon | the part of the large intestine that extends across the abdominal cavity and joins the ascending to the descending colon |
| Ulcer | Crator-like leison that is usually circular in shape and penetrates the skin; may be deep. |
| Umbilical hernia | A protrusion of the peritoneum through the umbilical ring. Most common congenital defect in children and sometimes aquired in females after childbirth. |
| Ventral (Incisional) hernia | A protrusion of peritoneal contents due to weakness in the abdominal wall, usually due to impaired healing of a previous surgical incision. |
| villi | Small fingerlike projections on the walls of the small intestines that increase surface area |
| Viscera | Any organ of a body cavity; usually refers to the abdominal organs. |
| Visceral peritoneum | inner layer of the membrane that surrounds the organs of the abdominal cavity |
| What is the function of the sphincter of Oddi? | controls the flow of bile into the duodenum. |
| What is the pathway of the Lower Gastointestinal Tract? | Ileocecal valve-Cecum-Ascending colon-Hepatic flexure-Transverse colon-Splenic flexure-Descending colon-Sigmoid colon-Rectum-Anus. |
| What is the pathway of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract? | Mouth-Uvula-Pharynx-Epiglottis-Esophagus-Cardiac sphincter-Fundus of the stomach-Cardia of stomach-Body of the stomach-Pylorus of the stomach-Pyloric sphincter- Duodenum(Biliary tree connects here)-Jejunum-Ileum-Ileocecal valve. |
| What is the primary function of the peritoneum? | Provide a slippery surface over which the viscera can freely glide. |
| Where is a Inguinal/Groin incisions made? | An oblique incision of the R or L inguinal region. Ex~ inguinal herniorrhaphy. |
| Which hormone increases the CA levels in the blood? | Parathyroid |
| sentinal node biopsy | removes first lymph node that drains to area of suspected breast cancer |
| excisional biopsy | entire tumor mass is removed |
| incisional biopsy | part of tumor mass is removed |
| pneumoperitoneum | gas has been injected into the abdominal cavity to facilitate laparoscopy |
| iliac region | inguinal region, or groin |
| trocar placement in laparoscopic cholecystectomy | umbilical, subxiphoid, and 2 right midabdominal area |
| fine needle aspiration | aspiration to determine if a mass is solid or cystic |
| subcutaneous mastectomy | removal of all breast tissue (but not skin or nipple) as a prophylactic measure against breast cancer |
