| A | B |
|---|
| CIRCULAR REASONING | When the answer is simply the question stated in different words. |
| HASTY GENERALIZATION | A statement based on insufficient evidence. |
| EITHER-OR REASONING | Describing a situation as only having TWO choices, when there are more. |
| FALSE CAUSE & EFFECT (post hoc ergo hoc) | Saying that because one event follows another, the 1st event caused the 2nd event. |
| ARGUMENT/NAME-CALLING (Ad Hominem) | Also known as AD HOAttacking a person instead of the issues/opinion. |
| BANDWAGON | Suggesting that "everyone" agrees, purchases a specific product, etc. |
| TESTIMONIAL | Propaganda that uses a famous or "perfect example" targeted at a specific audience. |
| STRAW MAN | Oversimplifying the opposing view and then attacking the hollow argument. |
| GLITTERING GENERALITIES | A kind of loaded words that use overwhelmingly POSITIVE statements or words. |
| CARD STACKING | Propaganda that uses very positive statments or words and totally ignores anything negative. |
| PLAIN FOLKS | When a person appears to be like COMMON PEOPLE to get approval/support, etc. |
| PRO arguments | Reasons given to SUPPORT something. |
| CON arguments | Reasons given AGAINST something. |
| ETHICAL appeal | An argument that appeals to MORALS, a sense of RIGHT & WRONG. |
| LOGICAL appeal | An argument that appeals to the BRAIN. |
| EMOTIONAL appeal | An argument that appeals to EMOTIONS. |
| RED HERRING | A deliberate diversion used to distract from the original argument. |
| SLIPPERY SLOPE | If we allow something to happen, worse and worse things will also happen. |
| IRRELEVANT PROOF (Non Sequitor) | Stating a conclusion that is not a consequence of the reasons given. |
