| A | B |
|---|
| Aristotle | Aristotle's proof (c.350 BC) of the earth's sphericity and his introduction of the general principle of dividing the globe into zones |
| Climate | The composite or generally prevailing weather conditions of a region, as temperature, air pressure, humidity, precipitation, sunshine, cloudiness, and winds, throughout the year, averaged over a series of years. |
| Concentration | The way a feature is spread over an area. |
| Cultural ecology / and or Possibilism | Though the physical environment may limit certain human activates, humans can adapt to their environment or adapt the environment to their activities. |
| Density | The frequency with which a feature occurs in an area. |
| Density (Agricultural) | The ratio if the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture |
| Density (Arithmetic) | a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. |
| Density (Housing) | A measurement of housing units in a given area |
| Density (Physiological) | The ratio of arable land to a country’s population. |
| Diffusion | The spread of a feature or human characteristic through space. |
| Hierarchical Diffusion | : The spread of ideas from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons places; Ex laws against the use of cell phones in cars; Diffusion (Expansion) |
| Contagious Diffusion | : the rapid widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout a population like people doing a wave at a stadium or the spread of influenza; Diffusion (Expansion) |
| Stimulus Diffusion | The spread of an underlying principal such as the transmission of news from news papers, to radio, to television, to the internet; Diffusion (Expansion) |
| Diffusion (Relocation) | The spread of an idea through the physical movement of people from one place to another, such as the spread of Amish communities through the United States. |
| Distribution | The spatial arrangement of something over earth’s surface. |
| Environmental determinism | The view that human activities are governed by the environment, primarily the physical environment. |
| Environmental modification | Human beings ability to adapt their environment for their own purposes. |
| Eratosthenes | (c.275–194 BC) established mathematical geography as a science |
| Global scale | A phenomena which is global in its effect. |
| Globalization | The process of transformation of local or regional cultural phenomena into global ones and in general the increasing interdependence of the world economies. |
| GPS | A system of satellites, computers, and receivers that is able to determine the latitude and longitude of a receiver on Earth by calculating the time difference for signals from different satellites to reach the receiver. |
| Greenwich Mean Time | the local time at the 0 meridian passing through Greenwich, England; |
| Immigration | To enter and settle in a country or region to which one is not native. |
| International Date Line | a theoretical line following approximately the 180th meridian, the regions to the east of which are counted as being one day earlier in their calendar dates than the regions to the west |
| Landforms | One of the features that make up the earth's surface, such as a plain, mountain, or valley. |
| Landscape (Cultural) | Geographical areas or properties uniquely representing the combined work of nature and of man |
| Landscape (Natural) | Geographical areas or properties unaffected by human activity. |
| The North Frigid Zone | North of the Arctic Circle (Latitude Regions) |
| The North Temperate Zone | , between the Arctic Circle and the Tropic of Cancer (Latitude Regions) |
| The Torrid Zone | , between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn (Latitude regions) |
| The South Temperate Zone | between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic Circle (Latitude Regions) |
| The South Frigid Zone | south of the Antarctic Circle |
| Location (Absolute) | Is the exact spot where something is on the earth represented by longitude and latitude or a street address. |
| Location (Relative) | Is the place that something is in comparison to something else. |
| Longitude | The angular distance from prime meridian: the angular distance east or west of the prime meridian that stretches from the North Pole to the South Pole and passes through Greenwich, England. Longitude is measured in degrees, minutes, and seconds. |
| Map Scale | measurement of distances on the map and conversion to real-world distances |
| Meridian | An imaginary great circle on the earth's surface passing through the North and South geographic poles. All points on the same meridian have the same longitude. |
| Parallel | An imaginary east-west line circling a globe |
| Pattern | The geometric arrangement of objects which could be regular or irregular |
| Place | a space, area, or spot, set apart or used for a particular purpose |
| Prime Meridian | The zero meridian (0°), used as a reference line from which longitude east and west is measured. It passes through Greenwich, England |
| Projection | a projection of the globe onto a flat map using a grid of lines of latitude and longitude |
| Ptolemy | Ptolemy applied its principles in the first half of the second century AD |
| Region (formal/ uniform) | A Region marked by relative uniformity of characteristics; congressional districts are uniform regions. |
| Region (perceptual/vernacular) | It is an area that exists in the minds of a society, for example the American “South” |
| Remote Sensing | the science of gathering data on an object or area from a considerable distance, as with radar or infrared photography, to observe the earth or a heavenly body |
| Resources | Factors of production occurring in nature; Minerals and fossil fuels are examples of natural resources. |
| Site | The physical characteristics of a place. |
| Situation | is the place that something is in comparison to something else. |
| Soil | The top layer of the earth's surface, consisting of rock and mineral particles mixed with organic matter. |
| Space | An extent or expanse of a surface or three-dimensional area |
| Spatial association | The degree to which things are similarly arranged over space |
| Spatial interaction | The relationships between people and objects in space. |
| Terracing | In agriculture, a terrace is a leveled section of a hilly cultivated area, designed as a method of soil conservation to slow or prevent the rapid surface runoff of irrigation water |
| Toponyms | Place names |
| Transnational / Multi-National corporations | Large companies that invest and operate in multiple countries. |
| U.S. Land Ordinance of 1785 | The act provided for the political organization of these territories west of the Appalachian Mountains and resulted in the rectangular patterns in formal regions and cities across the USA. |
| Vegetation | all the plants or plant life of a place, taken as a whole |
