| A | B |
| First Political Party System | Hamilton (loose interpretation) vs. Jefferson (strict interpretation). |
| Proclamation of Neutrality (1793) | U.S. would be neutral in European wars. |
| Whiskey Rebellion (1794) | The federal government enforced it's laws with military force. |
| Pinckney Treaty (1795) | Spain gave the U.S. free navigation of the Mississippi River and the right of the deposit in New Orleans. |
| Alien and Sedition Acts (1798) | The Federalist Party restricted immigration and freedom of speech. |
| Marshall Court (1801-1835) | Supreme Court strengthened the federal government an the expense of the states. |
| Marbury v. Madison | Supreme Court declare part of a federal law unconstitutional and established judicial review. |
| War of 1812 | Conflict between the U.S. and Britain over freedom of the seas and land. |