| A | B |
|---|
| recall | This enabled voters to remove public officials from elected positions by forcing them to face elections before the end of their term if enough voters requested it. |
| initiative | This is a bill initiated or launched by citizens. |
| prohibition | Members of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union fought for this cause. |
| referendum | This is a vote on an initiative. |
| muckraker | This is a term used to describe a journalist who exposed government abuses and big business corruption to the readers of mass circulation magazines and newspapers. |
| Robert M. La Follette | The reform governor and Senator from Wisconsin who made reform the railroad industry his primary target. |
| progressive movement | This included a series of reform efforts that aimed to correct injustices in American life. |
| Seventeenth Amendment | This made direct election of Senators the law of the land. |
| suffrage | the right to vote |
| Susan B. Anthony | a leading proponent of woman suffrage |
| NAACP | National Association for the Advancement of Colored People; founded by WEB du Bois |
| The Jungle | Upton Sinclair's book about the terrible conditions in the meatpacking industry. |
| Square Deal | This term was used to describe the various progressive reforms backed by the Roosevelt administration. |
| conservation | the idea that some wilderness areas should be preserved while others whoudl be developed for the common good |
| Upton Sinclair | This muckraking journalist shocked readers with his nauseating account of the meatpacking industry's conditions. |
| WEB Du Bois | founde of the NAACP and first African American to get a Ph.D from Harvard |
| Meat Inspection Act | This legislation put forth strict cleanliness requirements for meatpackers and created the program of federal meat inspection still used today. |
| Sherman Antitrust Act | This legislation was used by Roosevelt to file 44 antitrust suits. |
| Theodore Roosevelt | First of three Progressive Presidents |
| 1902 coal miners' strike | This was settled when Roosevelt got involved in the negotiations. |
| Pure Food and Drug Act | This legislation halted the sale of contaminated foods or drugs and called for truth in labeling. |
| Woodrow Wilson | won the election of 1912 |
| Gifford Pinchot | favored scientific management of wilderness areas to yield public enjoyment and private development |
| New Freedom | Democratic Party platform favored by Woodrow Wilson; favored stronger antitrust legislation, banking reform and reduced tariffs |
| Eugene V. Debs | ran for president in 1912, calling for an end to capitalism but garnered no electoral votes |
| Progressive Party | also known as the Bull Moose party, advocated a number of reforms including woman suffrage, an eight hour work day and a federal child labor law; Theodore Roosevelt ran for President as a Bull Moose in 1912 |
| Payne-Aldrich Tariff | a compromise tariff signed by President Taft; angered his progressive supporters |
| 19th amendment | granted women the right to vote |
| graduated income tax | a tax in which higher incomes are taxed at higher rates |
| 16th Amendment | legalized a graduated income tax |
| Woodrow Wilson | Democratic candidate for president elected in 1912 on a platform of progressive reforms |
| Underwood Tariff | Bill that cut tariffs to the lowest rates since the Civil War |
| woman's suffrage | woman's right to vote |
| Federal Reserve Act | set up a system of decentralized private banking system under federal control; gives the federal government a way to quickly adjust the amount of money in circulation |
| Carrie Chapman Catt | succeded Susan B. Anthony as presiden of NAWSA, worked for woman's suffrage |
| Clayton Antitrust Act | strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act by making it illegal for a company to acquire the stock of another company if doing so would create a monopoly. |
| Federal Reserve System | System of 12 regional banks that issue paper money and control the amount of currency in circulation |
| Federal Trade Commision | set up in 1914 to investigate posssible violations of regulatory laws. |
| William Howard Taft | President who first put Child Labor Law in place |
| Ida Tarbell | Wrote against Standard Oil corrupt business practices |
| Lincoln Steffens | Wrote about corruption in urban politics |
