| A | B |
|---|
| respiratory system consists of: | pulmonary system (lungs, airways) & chest wall system (rib cage, abdomen, diaphragm) |
| amount of air that can be exhaled below tidal volume | Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) |
| volume of air that we breathe in and out during a cycle of respiration | Tidal Volume |
| large dome-shaped muscle stretched across rib cage, helps regulate thoracic volume | diaphragm |
| Cavity bounded by sternum & rib cage [front/sides], spinal column [back] and diaphragm | thoracic cavity |
| single, non-overlapping values in spirometry | lung volumes |
| include two or more lung volumes | lung capacities |
| neither a volume nor a capacity; it is a state of equilibrium in the respiratory system | resting expiratory level |
| total amount of air the lungs can hold | total lung capacity |
| volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation | vital capacity |
| volume of air left in lungs after a maximum expiration (can't be voluntarily expelled) | residual volume |
| theory that explains phonation | Myoelastic Aerodynamic |
| Aerodynamic forces involved in vocal fold vibration | subglottal pressure increase, Bernoulli principle |
| Average F0 for women | 180-250 Hz |
| Average F0 for men | 80-150 Hz |
| Harmonics contribute to perception of | Vocal quality |
| Fundamental frequency contributes to perception of | vocal pitch |
| How vocal intensity is controlled | regulation of subglottal pressure (vocal folds closed longer, opened wider) |
| jitter | frequency perturbation |
| shimmer | amplitude perturbation |
| perturbation | cycle to cycle variation in vocal fold vibration |
| average intensity level for normal conversational speech (adults) | 70 dB SPL |
| with low F0, harmonics are | spaced close together |
| with high F0, harmonics are | widely spaced |
| With increased vocal fold tension, F0 | increases |
