| A | B |
|---|
| genetic engineering | the process used to isolate a gene from the DNA of one organism and transfer the gene into the DNA of another |
| recombinant DNA | a molecule made from pieces of DNA from separate organisms |
| vector | an agent that is used to carry the fragment into another cell |
| plasmid | a circular DNA molecule, usually found in bacteria, that can replicate independently form the main chromosome |
| cloning | growing a large number of genetically identical cells from a single cell |
| restriction enzymes | cleave DNA at specific sequences, generating a set of small fragments of DNA |
| southern blot | a technique that uses radioactively labeled RNA or single-stranded DNA as a "probe" to identify a specific gene |
| gel electrophoresis | a technique that uses an electrical field within a gel to separate molecules in a mixture |
| restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis | used to identify locations and numbers of restrictions sites in the DNA |
| DNA fingerprint | the pattern of bands that result when DNA fragments are separated by gel electrophoresis |
| polymerase chain reaction | laboratory technique for making unlimited copies of a gene |
| Human Genome Project | a research effort to identify and locate the entire collection of genes in a human cell |
| diabetes mellitus type I | an illness that occurs when the body cannot make sufficient amounts of the protein insulin |
| anticoagulants | protein that prevents blood from clotting |
| antibodies | defensive protein released by B cells in response to a foreign sunbstance in the body |
| glyphosphate | a powerful, biodegradable weedkiller |
