| A | B |
|---|
| anticodon | a three=mucleotide sequence on tRNA that recognizes a codon on mRNA |
| A site | a binding site on the ribosome filled by a tRNA molecule carrying an amino acid |
| cancer | a disease characterized by abnormal cell growth |
| carcinogen | cancer causing substance |
| chromosome puff | material accumulating at a site on a chromosome that is undergoing tapid transcription |
| codon | The instructions for building a protein are written as a series of three-mucleotide sequences |
| deletion | mutation in which a mucleotide or segment of DNA is lost |
| enhancer | region preceding a eukaryotic gene that must be activated prior to gene expression |
| gene expression | a process that occurs in two stages-transcription and translation. |
| genetic code | sequence of nucleotides that specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein |
| inducer | molecule that enables transcription to resume |
| insertion | in point mutations addition of one or mores mucleotides to a gene |
| messenger RNA | an RNA copy of a gene used as a blueprint for a protein. THis RNA carries hereditary information from DNA and delivers it to the site of translation |
| metastasis | spread of malignant cells beyond their original site |
| mutagen | mutation inducing agent |
| operon | segment of DNA that controls gene regulation in prokaryotes |
| oncogene | gene that when mutated can cause a cell to become cancerous |
| point mutation | mutation in which one or just a few mucleotides in a gene are changed |
| promoter | a specific sequence of DNA that acts as a "start" signal for transcription |
| repressor | protein bound to the operator that switches off the lac operon |
| ribonucleic acid | RNA, a nucleic acid |
| ribosomal RNA | plays a structural role in ribosomes, the organelles that function as the sites of translation |
| substitution | a type of point mutation in which one mucleotide in a gene is replaced with a different nucleotide |
| terminator | a sequence of bases that tells the RNA polymerase to stop adding mucleotides. |
| transcription | the information in DNA is transferred to mRNA in this stage |
| transfer RNA | acts as an interpreter molecule, translation mRNA sequences into amino acid sequences. |
| translation | the information in mRNA is used to make a protein in this stage |
| tumor | a mass of cells resulting from the proliferation of a cancerous cell |
| uracil | RNA base nitrogen base found in RNA instead of thymine, complementary to adenine |
