| A | B |
|---|
| Suffrage during the Federalst Era | Only white males who owned property |
| Whiskey Rebellion,1794 | Incident that used the Constitutional power to send Federal troops into the state |
| Washington's Farewell Address, 1796 | Warned against entanglements with European countries & establishment of political parties |
| Development of the "two-party" system | Democratic-Republicans & Federalists created this type of system in American government |
| Democratic-Republicans | Led by Thomas Jefferson; supported power for the states; a farming economy & strict interpretation of the Constitution |
| Federalists | Led by Alexander Hamilton; supported a strong central/federal government; industry-based economy & loose interpretation of the Constitution |
| XYZ Affair | Bribery attempt by 3 Frenchmen during John Adams' administration; led to the passing of the Alien & Sedition Acts |
| Alien & Sedition Acts | Immigrants must wait 14 years to obtain citizenship; No one may speak negatively about the federal government |
| Kentucky & Virginia Resolutions | Written in response to the Alien & Sedition Acts; initiated the concept of states nullification of federal laws |
| Marbury vs. Madson | This case established the Supreme Court's right to "judicial review" |
| Louisiana Purchase | This required Thomas Jefferson to "loosely" interpret the Constitution |
| Eli Whitney | Invented the Cotton Gin |
| Missouri Compromise, 1820 | Missouri was admitted as a "slave state"; Maine as a "free state"; created the "line" between slave & free states at the 36th parallel |
| Monroe Doctrine | Declared that any interference by Europe in the Western Hemisphere would be seen as a "threat to the US" |
| Tariff of Abominations | Raised the tariff on imported goods; helped the North - hurt the South; South claimed it violated states' rights |
| Indian Removal, 1838-1839 | "Trail of Tears" - Movement of Native Americans from the East to land in the West |
| Hudson River School of Art | 1820s American painters who painted American landscapes |
| Nativism | Chinese Exclusion Act and the KKK represent this ideology |
| Henry Clay | He helped pass the Missouri Compromise in efforts to delay the Civil War |
| Compromise of 1850 | This admitted California as a free state; established tough fugitive slave laws; thought to be the solution of national division |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | This Act repealed the the Missouri Compromise; Popular Sovereignty would determine Kansas and Nebraska's free or slave state status |
| Dred Scott vs. Sanford | Supreme Court decided that slaves were property, not citizens, and could not sue in federal court |
| Main cause of secession by southern states | Election of President Lincoln |
| Civil War Amendments | 13th: Freed Slaves; 14th: Granted citizenship to all Americans; 15th: granted voting rights to African Americans |
| Presidential Plans for Reconstruction | Johnson & Lincoln's plans required wealthy Planters to request pardons; did not support voting rights for African Americans |
| Congressional Plan for Reconstruction | The plan established the "Freedman's Bureau" & passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866 |
| Civil Rights Act of 1866 | Prohibited taking away the rights granted to African Americans or any other citizens |
| Compromise of 1877 | President Hayes promised to end reconstruction and remove Union troops from the South |
| Government incentives for moving west | Homested Act; Morrill Land Grant Act; Pacific Railway Acts |
| Challenges of westward movement | Lack of resources; Severe weather; droughts |
| Improvements in Agriculture | Mechanized reaper; steel plow; Barbed wire; Windmills; Hybridization |
| Transcontinental Railroad, 1869 | Allowed farmers to get crops to the east faster; Increased trade between the east and west |
| Dawes Act, 1887 | Tried to dissolve Indian tribes by "redistributing" land |
| Helen Hunt Jackson | Muckraker; book exposed unjust treatment of Indians; protested the Dawes Act |
| Cross of Gold speech, 1896 | given by William Jennings Bryan; focused on the Republican proposal to eliminate silver coinage and adopt a gold standard |
| Laissez-faire | Economy will do better without government intervention in business |
| Credit Moblier Scandal, 1872 | Biggest bribary scandal in US history; led to public awareness of government corruption |
| Jane Addams' Hull House | First attempt at social reform; provided support for families in growing urban areas |
| Social Darwinism | Survival of the fittest in society; poor are poor because they are not as fit to survive |
| Gospel of Wealth | Book that argued that the wealthy have an obligation to give back to society; Andrew Carnegie |
| Collective bargaining | Discussions between workers and their employers over wages, hours & working conditions |
| Labor Unions | Organization of workers |
| Strikes | Refusal to work until demands are met |
| Knights of Labor | Labor union originally established as a secret fraternal order; first union of all workers |
| American Federation of Labor | Samuel Gompers; Federation of different unions |
| Thomas Nast | Political cartoonist; Nearly brought down Boss Tweed's NYC political machine; Uncle Sam |
| Jacob Riis | Used pictures to expose social & political evils; considered a muckraker |
| Alfred Mahan | He pushed for "the great white fleet" to protect overseas investments |
| Josiah Strong | Strong supporter of imperialism during the Spanish-American War |
| Seward's Folly | The purchase of "non-farming" territory of Alaska |
| Annexation of Hawaii | Made a territory for the use of use of the islands as naval ports |
| Causes of Spanish-American War | USS Maine bombed in the Bay of Havanna; Yellow journalism |
| Yellow Journalism | Use of rumors to sell newspapers; Joseph Pulitzer & William Hurst; "the yellow kid"/ smear-proof yellow ink |
| Open Door policy | Equal trade opportunities specifically in the China market |
| Roosevelt Corollary | US would serve as the "world policemen"; addition to the Monroe Doctrine |
| Gettysburg | Considered a major turning point of the Civil War |
