| A | B |
|---|
| gymnosperm | first seed producing tracheophytes with seeds on scales or under leaves of plant |
| angiosperm | flowering plants with seeds |
| bryophyte | plants without a vascular system |
| tracheophyte | plants with a vascular system |
| eukaryotic | a cell that has a nucleus |
| seed dispersal | happens through wind, insects, or animals |
| an organism that can make its own food uses this | photosynthesis |
| the waxy, waterproof covering of a plant leaf | cuticle |
| stomata | pours on leaves that allow for the exchange of gases |
| make up the vascular system of a plant | xylem and phloem |
| xylem | transports water and nutrients from roots to stems and leaves of plants |
| phloem | transports products of photosynthesis throughout plant |
| dicot | seeds have two cotyledons |
| monocot | seeds have one cotyledon |
| parallel veins on leaves | monocot |
| fanned out or net-like veins on leaves | dicot |
| gymnosperm | exposed seeds ("naked" seeds) |
| angiosperm | seeds develop inside fruit |
| cellulose | found in the cell walls of plants |
| reproduction of plants | most sexual, a few asexual |
| sexual reproduction in plants | pollination |
| plants that flower | angiosperms |
| flowers have multiples of 3 petals | monocots |
| flowers have multiples of 4 or 5 petals | dicots |
| pollen (found on anthers) contains | the male gametophtye |
| the female part of the flower (stigma) contains | the female gametophyte |
| guard cells | regulate movement of gasses and water in and out of the leaf by opening and closing the stomata |
| transpiration | the loss of water through leaves |
| stems increase in thickness | secondary growth |
| plants grow taller/more roots | primary growth |
| cork cambium | produces the outer covering of stems/cork |
| vascular cambium | produces vascular tissues such as the xylem and the phloem |
| secondary growth | In conifers and dicots, this takes place in meristems called the vascular cambium and cork cambium |
| most of what is called “wood” is actually layers of secondary xylem produced by the | vascular cambium |
| In a mature stem, all of the tissues found outside the vascular cambium make up the bark includes | phloem, the cork cambium, & cork |
| sporophyte | the diploid (2N) phase in the plant life cycle; a spore-producing plant |
| gametophyte | the haploid (N) phase in the plant life cycle; a gamete-producing plant |
| the needs of plants | sunlight, water & minerals, gas exchange, movement of water & nutrients |
| mosses, liverworts, and hornworts; non-vascular plants; depend on water for reproduction | bryophytes |
| vascular tissue | a system in plants that is specialized to move water and nutrients |
| veins | bundles of vascular tissue |
| a structure that holds the entire male gametophyte | pollen grain |
| an embryo of a plant that is encased in a protective covering and surrounded by a food supply | seed |
| surrounds and protects the embryo; keeps the contents of the seeds from drying out | seed coat |
| lacks vascular tissue, plant that absorbs water and other substances directly through its cell walls | nonvascular |
| ovary | a structure containing egg cells; the base of a pistil in a flower |
| dermal tissue | the outer protective covering of plants |
| a single thick root that grown straight down. It can reach water that is deep in the ground. | tap root |
| a type of thin root that makes up a highly branched root system | fibrous roots |
| alternation of generations | switching between a diploid sporophyte phase and a haploid gametophyte phase |
| lignin | found in the cell walls of all vascular plants - strengthens the stems |
| capillary action | adhesion of water to the walls of a vessel will cause an upward force on the liquid |
| essential plant nutrients | N, P, K, Mg, Ca |
| ground tissue | produce certain sugars from basic carbs made during photosynthesis, and store sugars; neither vascular nor dermal tissue |
| stem | produces & holds up leaves, and transports substances throughout the plant |
| node | where leaves are attached |
| bud | produce new stems and leaves |
| blade | flat leaf part of leaves |
| petiole | stem of leaves |
| leaf | contains petiole and blade; performs photosynthesis |
