| A | B |
|---|
| List the 5 layers of the epidermis in order from the superficial to deepest layer. | stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale |
| Which layer of the epidermis is found only in thick skin? | stratum lucidum |
| Which layer of the epidermis consists of a single row of cells where rapid cell division - mitosis - occurs? | stratum basale |
| Which layer of the epidermis is made up of a weblike system of intermediate filaments with flattened keratinocytes that appear "spiny" | stratum spinosum |
| Which layer of the epidermis consists of three to five cell layers with keratinocytes that accumulate granules that form keratin and lipids that provide waterproofing | stratum granulosum |
| sudoriferous | sweat |
| eccrine (merocrine) sweat gland | produces true sweat; abundant on the palms of hand, soles of the feet, and forehead |
| apocrine sweat glands | produce true sweat plus fatty substances and proteins; found in the axillary (armpit) and anogenital areas of the body |
| ceruminous glands | modified apocrine glands found in the lining of the external ear canal; produce sticky, bitter substance called cerumen (earwax) |
| burn | tissue damage inflicted by intense heat, electricity, radiation, or certain chemicals, which denature proteins and cause cell death |
| first degree burn | involves only epithelium; redness, heat (i.e. sunburn) |
| second degree burn | destroys the epidermis and part of the dermis; characterized by pain, blisters, swelling, and discoloration. |
| third degree burn | destroys epidermis and dermis, appear leathery and dark, no pain, insensitivity to pain due to nerve damage; fluid loss & increased risk of infection due to damage of protective barrier |
| rule of nines | method used to calculate the amount of fluid lost as the result of a burn; divides the body into 11 areas, each accounting for 9% of the total body area |
| fourth degree burn | char burns; often damage blood vessels, nerves, muscles, and tendons, and perhaps even bone density |
| eschar | charred or pearly white burn tissue that indicates necrosis; must be debrided |
| keratin | a hard, fibrous protein found in the cells of the outermost part of the epidermis, in the nails, and in hair |
| rule of nines | used to estimate the extent of burn area on the body: head and neck = 9%; each upper limb = 9%; each lower limb = 18%; front of trunk = 18%; back of trunk and buttocks = 18%; perineum = 1% |
| autografting or autologous grafting | utilization of a person's healthy skin to graft to a burned area on their own body |
| homografting or allografting | utilization of a donor graft from another person or cadaver |
| xenograft or heterograft | donor graft from another species |
| palmaris longus | flexes hand at wrist |
| surgery of the hand may involve | microinstrumentation and microsuture |
| nerves of the forearm, wrist, and hand | radial, ulnar, and medial |
| Gynecomastia | abnormal large breast in man |
| Mammoplasty | reconstructive surgery of the breast |
| mastectomy | excision of breast |
| Blepharoplasty | Aesthetic procedure to remove excess skin and protruding periorbital fat of the upper and lower eyelids. |
| Augmentation mammoplasty | Insertion of a breast prosthesis to enlarge or form the breast mound. |
| Cheiloplasty | Closure of a cleft lip. |
| Rhytidectomy | Aesthetic procedure to remove excess skin from the face and neck area and tighten underlying support structures, such as muscle and superficial fascia; also called a face lift. |
| Homograft | Graft of tissue taken from a donor of the same species as the recipient. |
| Heterograft (xenograft) | Graft of tissue taken from a donor of one species and grafted onto a recipient of another species. |
| Reconstruction for microtia | Series of reconstructive procedures to insert an artificial ear implant or graft of patient's costal cartilage to correct the congenital absence of an ear. |
| Mentoplasty | Aesthetic procedure to reshape the chin by removing part of the manible or by augmenting with bone or cartilage grafts or artificial implants for abnormally small jaws. |
| Auto graft | Graft of tissue taken from another part of patient's body. |
| Dermabrader | Used to remove acne scars, birthmarks, tattoos, and fine wrinkles on the epidermis. |
| Liposuction curettes and liposuction vacuum machine | Used to remove fat and reshape various areas of the body. |
| Rhinoplasty | Reconstruction of the nose for aesthetic purposes or to repair damage done by trauma or removal of neoplasms. |
| Debridement of burns | Removal of necrotic tissue (eschar) to be followed by skin grafting. |
| Microtia | Unusually small size or absence of the external ear(s). |
| Reconstructive mammoplasty | Post-mastectomy reconstruction of breast contour. |
| Liposuction | Removal of fat deposits by use of a blunt, hollow, metal cannula connected to negative pressure suction. Does not necessarily result in permanent weight loss. |
| main arteries of the hand | radial and ulnar |
| Cheiloplasty | Closure of cleft lip (cheiloschisis). Often accompanied by palatoplasty. |
| Palatoplasty | Closure of cleft palate (palatoschisis). Often accompanied by cheiloplasty |
| Pedicle flap | Tissue remains attached at one or both ends of the donor site during transfer to the recipient site. |
| Split thickness skin graft | Dermatome, mesher. |
| webbing of digits | syndactyly |
| extra digits | polydactyly |
| mineral oil | used as lubricant during dermatome use |
| palate formation occurs | in the first trimester of pregnancy |
| topical anaesthetics used in rhinoplasty | tetracaine 2% and cocaine 4% |
| radial dysplasia | aka clubhand; corrected by centralization |
| Dupuytren's Disease | contraction of the palmar fascia resulting in dimpling, nodule, or fibrous band or cord in the hand |
| De Quervain's disease | stenosing tenosynovitis caused by inflammation of the tendons in the first dorsal compartment of the wrist; results in pain and weak grip |
| trigger finger | type of stenosing tenosynovitis that results in painful snapping or locking of the fingers or thumb |
| ganglion cyst | cyst filled with synovial fluid arising from a tendon sheath of the hand or wrist |
| blepharochalasis | relaxation or lack of tone in eyelid skin, causing it to appear thin and wrinkled |
| suture most commonly used for cosmetic purposes | nylon |
| free flap reconstruction | total removal of transferred tissue' microscopic reconnection of blood vessels required |
| pedicle flap reconstruction | transferred tissue retains blood supply; TRAM flap is a common variety of this |
| blepharoptosis | drooping of eyelid due to weakness or paralysis of the levator oculi |
| mentoplasty | aesthetic improvement of the chin to correct micrognathia |
| micrognathia | underdevelopment of the jaw, especially the mandible |
| dermis | comprised of reticular and papillary layers |
| reticular layer | thick, deep layer of dermis that provides collagen for strength and elastin for pliability of skin |
| papillary layer | layer of dermis named for its projections, which are the groundwork for fingerprints |
| diarthrosis | movable joint; aka synovial joint |
| synarthrosis | immovable joint, such as a suture in the skull |
| amphiarthrosis | slightly movable joint; symphisis pubis is an example |
| hemarthrosis | bleeding into a joint |
| stratum corneum | outermost layer of skin; densely packed and disintegrating to leave keratin behind |
