| A | B |
|---|
| Where most of Earth’s fresh water is found | glaciers, icebergs |
| Percent of fresh water on Earth | 3 percent |
| Percent of nitrogen in the atmosphere | 78 percent |
| Percent of oxygen in the atmosphere | 21 percent |
| Thin layer of gases surrounding the Earth | atmosphere |
| Layer which protects Earth’s surface from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet rays | ozone layer |
| Layer which includes Earth’s weather | troposphere |
| Process which traps gases keeping the Earth warm and water in a liquid state | greenhouse effect |
| Process where liquids absorb energy to change into a gas | evaporation |
| Process where a gas cools into a liquid and can form clouds | condensation |
| Process where clouds release a form of water | precipitation |
| where most of Earth’s water is found | oceans |
| Fast moving streams of air located around 10km from the surface | jet streams |
| Fast moving streams of ocean water | currents |
| Winds which travel long distances | global winds |
| Winds which travel short distances | local winds |
| Force per unit of area | pressure |
| Air pressure decreases as this increases | altitude |
| Frozen masses of ice on land | glaciers |
| Warm current in the Atlantic Ocean affecting the east coast of the US | Gulf Stream |
| Continuous chain underwater mountain range | mid-ocean ridge |
| Flat region on the ocean bottom | abyssal plains |
| Volcanic mountain which lies above the surface of the ocean | volcanic island |
| Volcanic mountain which lies below the surface of the ocean | seamount |
| Gas needed for animals to survive | oxygen |
| Gas needed for plants to survive | carbon dioxide |
| Clouds which look like piles of cotton | cumulus |
| Clouds which form in layers | stratus |
| Wispy feathery clouds up high | cirrus |
| Deep canyon formed at a convergent boundary in the ocean floor | deep ocean trench |
| End of continent and beginning of ocean floor | continental slope |
| Cause of surface ocean currents and waves | wind |
| Cause of deep ocean currents | differences in density and temperature |
| Clouds which can develop into thunderstorms or tornadoes | cumulonimbus |
| Round balls of ice which form in clouds and fall to Earth | hail |
| Since land cools faster than water the breeze at night is called | land breeze |
| Since land warms faster than water the breeze during the day is called | sea breeze |
| Land and sea breezes are formed by differences in this | temperature |
| Two basic factors which determine climate | temperature and precipitation |
| Unequal heating of Earth’s surface causes these types of winds | local winds |
| Warm air mass along the west coast | maritime tropical air mass |
| Winds curve due to this caused by Earth’s rotation | coriolis effect |
| Warm dry air mass in the middle of the United States | continental tropical |
| cold dry air mass in the middle of Canada | continental polar |
| cold humid air mass from the artic ocean | maritime polar |
| Amount of dissolved salts in the ocean is called | salinity |
| Salinity in the ocean remains the same because | evaporation and precipitation |
| Method of heat transfer demonstrated by differences in density | convection |
| Method of heat transfer by direct contact | conduction |
| Method of heat transfer through empty space | radiation |
| Harmful rays of the sun | ultraviolet rays |
| Electromagnetic waves felt as heat | infrared rays |
| This drives the water cycle and most energy on the Earth | sun |
| Number of high tides daily | two |
| Number of tides daily | four |
| Time between each high tide | about 12 hours |
| Time between each tide | about 6 hours |
| The least difference between high and low tides | neap tide |
| Highest point of a wave | crest |
| Lowest point of a wave | trough |
| Wave which reaches the shore | breakers |
| Area of ocean with the least salinity | deltas and bays |
| Fresh water located underground | groundwater |
| Frozen masses of ice in the ocean | icebergs |
| The greatest difference between high and low tides | spring tides |
| Process in which plants use water to make food | photosynthesis |
| Symbols on a weather map with half circles indicate this type of front | warm front |
| Symbols on a weather map with triangles indicate this type of front | cold front |
| Symbols on a weather map with alternating circles and triangles on the same side indicate this type of front | occluded front |
| Symbols on a weather map with triangles and circles on opposite sides indicate this type of front with little movement | stationary |
| process of obtaining fresh water from salt water | desalination |
| Using water wisely to avoid wasting it | water conservation |
| source of oxygen in sea water is from atmosphere and this | algae |
| Horizontal distance between wave crests | wavelength |
| vertical distance from crest to trough | wave height |
| Most abundant salt in sea water | sodium chloride |
| most dense ocean water is found in this zone | deep zone |
| The deeper in the ocean the temperature does this | decreases |
| The deeper in the ocean the pressure and density does this | increases |
| currents in the Northern Hemisphere curve to the | right or clockwise |
| currents in the Southern Hemisphere curve to the | left or counter clockwise |
| Technique which uses sound waves to measure the depth of the ocean | sonar |
| Gently sloping shallow area near the edge of a continent | continental shelf |
| Since Earth's atmosphere traps the sun's energy, water can exist as a | liquid |
| two most abundant gases in the atmosphere | nitrogen and oxygen |
| Water in the form of a gas | water vapor |
| mass/volume | density |
| Instrument used to measure air pressure | barometer |
| Barometer which does not contain a liquid | aneroid |
| pressure does this are you rise in the atmosphere | air pressure decreases |
| air masses which are most dense | cool air masses |
| instrument which measures wind speed | anemometer |
| instrument which measure wind direction | wind or weather vane |
| Low pressure winds in a counter clockwise rotation | cyclone |
| High pressure winds in a clockwise direction | anticyclone |
| Funnel shaped cloud which touches Earth’s surface | tornado |
| winds in the eye of a hurricane | calm |
| occurs when cold air blows over a large lake and then over land | lake-effect |
| during a tornado, seek protection in a | basement or interior room |
| weather event which occurs every 2 to 7 years | El Nino |
| Carbon dioxide may trap heat in the atmosphere and cause this | global warming |
| People who study weather and try to predict it | meteorologists |
