| A | B |
|---|
| continental drift | theory that the continents have moved over time |
| mid ocean ridge | chain of volcanoes that runs through all the world's oceans |
| rift valley | forms at a divergent boundary |
| paleomagnetism | study of the history of the movement of Earth's magnetic field |
| core | the metallic center of the earth |
| lithospheric plate | broken piece of the crust of the Earth |
| ocean trench | where crust goes back down into the mantle at convergent boundaries |
| earthquake | energy released when plates move |
| fault | where plates slide past one another |
| Pangaea | all the ancient land masses together |
| subduction zone | where one plate goes under another and melts to create volcanoes |
| volcanic island arc | created at an ocean-continent convergent boundary |
| hot spot | a place in the mantle that is unusually active |
| igneous rock | formed from cooled molten rock |
| metamorphic rock | formed by heat and pressure |
| sedimentary rock | formed by dirt sticking together |
| weathering | breaking down rock physically or chemically |
| uplift | plates are pushed up due to plate tectonics |
| earthquake magnitude | measurement of the amplitude of the earthquake wave |
| earthquake intensity | measurement of the effects of an earthquake |
| viscosity | stickiness |
| pyroclastic material | material ejected from a volcano |
| composite volcano | volcano that both explodes and oozes |
| shield volcano | volcano that oozes with low silica content |
| cinder cone volcano | volcano that explodes with high silica content |
| geothermal energy | energy from inside the Earth |
| granitic lava | lava that has a lot of silica |
| basaltic lava | lava that does not have a lot of silica |
| intrusive igneous | rocks from magma |
| extrusive igneous | rocks from lava |
| silica | amount determines the stickiness of lava and the nature of the volcanic eruption |
| epicenter | where an earthquake is first detected |
| focus | where the earthquake occurred at the fault |
| fault | large crack in the ground |
| convection cycle | heats up, rises, cools, falls |
| seismograph | instrument that measures earthquakes |
| Richter Scale | scale based on magnitude of earthquake |
| Mercalli Scale | scale based on intensity of earthquake |
| erosion | removal of sediment |
| tsunami | waves caused by tectonic activity underwater |
| landslide | destruction of a hill due to lack of soil cohesion |
| coastal erosion | destruction of a coast by wave action |
| cementation | process by which dirt sticks together to made sedimentary rock |
| aqueduct | pipes that carry water from NorCal to SoCal |
