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| binomial nomenclature | a system of naming organisms that uses the genus name and a species identifier |
| class | in taxonomy, a group of related orders |
| division | in taxonomy, a grouping of similar classes of plants |
| family | in taxonomy, a group of related genera |
| genus | in taxonomy, a group of similar species |
| kingdom | in taxonomy, a group of similar phyla or divisions |
| order | in taxonomy, a group of similar families |
| phylogeny | the evolutionary history of a species or taxonomic group |
| phylum | in taxonomy, a group of similar classes |
| species | a group of organisms of a single type that are capable of producing fertile offspring in the natural environment |
| species identifier | the second part of a species name; humans are known as the genus name Hoo and by a species identifier sapiens |
| species name | the two-part scientific name of a species composed of the genus and the species indentifier |
| taxonomy | the science of grouping organisms according to their presumed evolutionary relationships |
| phylogenetic tree | a diagram that shows the presumed evolutionary relationships among a group of living things |
| domain | in the three-domain system of classification, one of three broad groups that all living things fall into the basis of rRNA analysis |
| symmetry | a consistent overall pattern of structure |
| radial symmetry | in animals, an arrangement of body parts around a central axis |
| dorsal | the top of a bilaterally symmetrical animal |
| ventral | the bottom of a bilaterally symmetrical animal |
| anterior | the front end of a bilaterally symmetrical organism |
| posterior | the back side of an organism |
| bilateral symmetry | in animals, a body plan in which the left and rigt sides mirror each other |
| cephalization | concentration of nerve tissue and sensory organs at the anterior end of an organism |
| segmentation | division of a body into units |
| acoelomates | in organisms like flatworms, the body cavity is absent |
| pseudocoelom | a false body cavity where the mesoderm doesn't line the gut but lines the wall |
| pseudocoelomates | organisms with a false body cavity - roundworms |
| coelomates | animals with a true body cavity with mesoerm lining the body cavity and surrounds and supports the gut |
| germ layers | a specific layer of cells in an embryo from which specific organ systems arise |
| flatworms | the common name for any of the dorso ventrally flattened worms of the phylum Platyhelminthes, such as a planarian, fluke, and a tapeworm |
| pharynx | in flatworms, a muscular tube that leads to the gastrovascular cavity; in animals with a digestive tract, the part of the tract between the mouth and esophagus |
| cerebral ganglion | one of a pair of nerve cell clusters that serve as a brain at the anterior end of some invertebrates |
| eyespots | a localized region pf pigment in some invertebrates and protozoa that detects changes in the quantity and quality of light |
| fission | a type of asexual reproduction in which the organism splits in two and regenerates the parts missing on each new half to produce two whole organisms |
| primary host | the host from which the adults of a parasite derive their nourishment and in which sexual reproduction occurs |
| tapeworms | a parasitic flatowrm that lives in the vertebrates intestines |
| scolex | a knob shaped organ bearing hooks and suckers lies at the anterior end of the tapeworm |
| proglottid | one of the many body sections of a tapworm; contains reproductive organs |
| roundworm | a worm in the phylum Nematoda with a long, slender body that tapers at both ends, cuh as hookwomrs and pinworms |
| anus | the posterior opening of the digestive tract |
| cuticle | in parasitic roundworms, a noncellular layer that protects the worm from the host's digestive and immune system |
| hookworm | a parasitic roundwom that feeds on its host's blood by cuttin into the intestinal wall |
| trichinosis | a disease caused by a parasitic roundworm of the genus Trichinella; characterized by muscle pain and stiffness |
| annelid | a bilaterally symmetrical, segmented worm, such as an earthworm or a leech |
| setae | the external bristles on annelids |
| espophagus | a tube connecting the mouth or pharynx to the stomach or crop |
| crop | in earthworms, a structure that stores soil |
| gizzard | in earthworms, a structure that grinds food for digestion |
| aortic arches | the five pairs of muscular tubes that link the dorsal and ventral blood vessels near the anterior end of the worm; the 5 "hearts" in an earthworm that pump blood |
| nephridia | tubes through which invertebrates eliminate wastes |
| clitellum | a noticeable swelling around the sex organs of an earthworm during reproduction |
| seminal receptacle | a structure on a female or hermaphrodite that receives sperm |
