| A | B |
|---|
| social facilitation | people perform better when other people are watching |
| evaluation apprehension | our concern about the opinion of others may help us to perform better |
| social loafing | slacking off, not trying as hard because you are in a group |
| diffusion of responsibility | tendency for people to feel less responsible for accomplishing a task when the effort is shared among a group |
| risky shift | tendency to take greater risks when part of a group than one would as an individual |
| social decision schemes | rules that govern group decision-making |
| group polarization | the strengthening of a group's shared attitudes |
| authoritarian leaders | exert absolute control over all decisions for the group |
| democratic leaders | encourage group members to express and discuss their ideas and to make their own decisions |
| laissez-faire leaders | encourage group members to express and explore their own ideas, don't really make decisions |
| conform | modify one's attitudes and behavior to make them consistent with those of other people |
| social norms | standards of behavior that people share |
| explicit norms | spoken or written rules |
| implicit norms | unspoken, unwritten rules |
| foot-in-the-door effect | tendency for people to give in to major demands once they have given in to minor ones |
| buffer | if people are protected from the consequences of their actions they are more likely to follow orders |
| socialization | since childhood we have been taught to obey authority figures |
| altruism | unselfish concern for the well-being of others |
| bystander effect | people are less likely to give aid when other people are present |
| majority-wins scheme | group agrees to a decision initially supported by the majority of the group, eventually all agree |
| truth-wins scheme | when a group realizes that one option is better than another based on what they have learned about their choices |
| two-thirds-majority scheme | only two-thirds of a group must come to an agreement for a decision to be made |
| first-shift scheme | groups in a deadlock will have one person change his/her mind and then the rest will follow |
