| A | B |
|---|
| vertebrate | an animal that has a backbone |
| endoskeleton | an internal skeleton; usually made of cartilage and bone |
| bone | the strong supporting structure of vertebrates |
| cartilage | a flexible supporting tissue taht makes up part or all of some animals' skeleton |
| verttebral column | a series of similar bones that protect the spinal cord and support the body |
| skull | the group of bones that cover and protect the brain |
| oxygenated blood | blood that carries an abundant amount of oxygen |
| deoxygenated blood | blood that contains little oxygen |
| gill | a respiratory structure in fish and other aquatic organisms; exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide in the water |
| lung | an organ that exchanges gases between the atmosphere and the blood |
| diaphragm | the muscle that separates the thorax from the abdomen in mammals and humans; aids in breathing |
| central nervous system | the part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord |
| brain | an organ that coordinates the bodily functions; made of nerve tissue |
| spinal cord | the cord of nerve tissue that conducts messages between the brain and the rest of the body |
| peripheral nervous system | the part of the nervous system consisting of sensory receptors, sensory organs, and nerves that connect to the central nervous system |
| sensory organ | an organ that consists of many sensory receptors and various tissues needed to keep the receptors functioning ex. the eye the ear |
| stomach | a saclike portion of the digestive tract; performs mechanical and chemical digestion |
| small intestine | the digestive organ in which most of the digestion and absorption of the food occurs |
| liver | the organ that produces bile, helps to regulate substances in the blood, and stores minerals and vitamins |
| pancreas | an organ that secretes enzymes into the small intestine to help perform digestion; also secretes the hormone insulin into the bloodstream |
| large intestine | the part of the digestive tract that extends from the end of the small intestine to the anus;; absorbs water and minerals |
| kidney | an organ that filters wastes from the body |
| ureter | the tube that carries wastes and water filtered out of the blood to the urinary bladder |
| urinary bladder | an organ that temporarily stores the fluid wastes |
| ectothermic | refers to animals that cannot control their body temperatures by internal means; cold-blooded |
