| A | B |
|---|
| sea breeze | Wind created by hot air rising over land, and cooler air taking its place |
| fossil fuels | Carbon reservoir underground, that when burned, releases CO2 into air |
| evaporation | When water gets hot and turns from a liquid into a gas |
| precipitation | When condensed water falls from the sky |
| condensation | When water turns from a gas into a liquid again |
| frost wedging | water gets into rocks and breaks them when it freezes |
| latitude | Lines running east to west on a map, with 0 being the equator |
| troposphere | The layer of the atmosphere closest to earth where we live |
| stratosphere | The 2nd layer of the atmosphere containing the ozone layer |
| mesosphere | The third layer of the atmosphere |
| thermosphere | The 4th layer of the atmosphere that transitions to outer space |
| sediment transportation | moving rocks from one place to another |
| temperature gradient | The difference in this is why the layers of the atmosphere are different |
| acid rain | pollution makes rain poisonous |
| elevation | Height above sea level |
| climate | Average of weather: temperature and precipitation over time |
| geothermal | Energy source from the heat of magma |
| magma | Molten rock still inside the Earth |
| carbon dioxide | A greenhouse gas that is taken in by plants and produced by humans |
| migration | a mass movement of people |
| ozone layer | Protects us from UV light and other solar radiation |
| photosynthesis | Process that turns CO2, water and sunlight into sugar and oxygen |
| greenhouse effect | Natural warming due to trapping of heat by atmospheric gasses |
| convection current | Heats up, rises, cools, falls…happens in ocean, atmosphere |
| outgassing | Volcanoes producing most of early Earth’s atmosphere |
| chemical weathering | breaking down of rock by chemical reactions |
| The Industrial Revolution | Period of American history when we started burning coal for energy |
| equatorial regions | on the equator; area receiving most direct sunlight |
| rain shadow | Isolating rain on one side of a mountain, creating a desert on the other |
| global warming | Raising of the global temperature due to more CO2 |
| rainforest | Created where the Hadley cell drops its rain on the equator |
| weather | Daily temperature and precipitation |
| Hadley Cell | Large circle of air rising at equator and falling at 30 degrees N and S |
| seasons | changes in amount of sun's light due to tilt of the Earth |
| anaerobic bacteria | organisms that convert carbon dioxide to oxygen |
| ultraviolet rays | Type of light more powerful than visible, absorbed by ozone layer |
| biosphere | the sphere on earth consisting of living organisms |
| atmosphere | the sphere of Earth consisting of gasses above the surface of Earth |
| geosphere | the sphere of Earth made of the layers of the Earth |
| anthrosphere | the sphere of Earth consisting of things made by humans |
| cryosphere | the sphere of Earth consisting of frozen water |
| hydrosphere | the sphere of Earth that includes all forms of liquid and gaseous water |
| positive feedback loop | a chain of events that makes a moves a process forward |
| negative feedback loop | a chain of events that slows down or stops a process |
| trench | two ocean plates coming together underwater and making a deep canyon |
| mid-ocean ridge | two plates pulling apart under the ocean; where new ocean crust is born |
| sea-floor spreading | ocean plates being pulled away from one another |
| radiometric dating | determining the age of rocks based on the amount of daughter atoms left from parent atoms |
| subduction zone | ocean plate going under another plate, creating volcanoes |
| crater | a hole, evidence of a collision with an object from outer space |
| asteroid | a large rock from outer space |
| continental drift | the theory that the continents have been moving |
| Coriolis Effect | apparent "spinning" of winds due to Earth's rotation |
| weathering | a process that breaks rocks into smaller pieces |
| erosion | movement of rocks from one place to another |
| seamount | underwater mountain, maybe an extinct volcano |
| tectonic uplift | raising up of mountains and plateaus due to internal Earth activity |
