| A | B |
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| A | B |
| Parietal peritoneum | outer layer of the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity |
| Absorption | To take in or soak up. |
| anastomosis | surgical connection of two hollow or tubular structures |
| Appendix | a vestigial process that extends from the lower end of the cecum and that resembles a small pouch |
| bicarbonate | acid-base balancer secreted by the pancreas |
| Bile | Secreation of the liver that emulsifies fats, preparing them for further digestion and absorption in the SI. |
| Chole- | Combining form that means bile |
| Cholecystectomy | removal of the gallbladder. Usually done laprascopic, if not then a kocher incision is used for maximum exposure. |
| Cholelithiasis | Gall stones~ classified as cholesterol or pigmented. |
| Chyle | White liquid, consisting of products of digestion, mostly emulsified fats, passes in SI to lymphatics. |
| chyme | a semiliquid mass of partially digested food that passes from the stomach through the pyloric sphincter into the duodenum |
| Chyme | Thick, semifluid contents of the stomach formed during digestion. |
| common bile duct | The duct that carries bile from the gallbladder and liver to the small intestine (duodenum). |
| -cysto | Bladder |
| types of anastomosis | end to end, end to side, side to side |
| peptic ulcer | Ulcer occurring in the lower end of the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum |
| -docho- | Intestines |
| duodenum | first part of small intestines, most digestion takes place, chemicals released from liver, gall bladder, and pancreas |
| -ectomy | Removal of |
| Excision | Surgical removal |
| Greater omentum | a saclike mesentery that extends from the greater curvature of the stomach, it covers the contents of the abdomen in an apron-like fashion. Also limits peritoneal infection. |
| adhesions | Holding together by new tissue, produced by inflammation or injury, of two structures that are normally separate |
| Identify the two layers of the peritoneum. | Parietal and visceral. |
| ileum | the part of the small intestine between the jejunum and the cecum |
| diverticula | Small, blind pouches that form in the lining and wall of a canal or organ, especially the colon |
| Meckel's diverticulum | Pouch caused by continued existence of the omphalomesenteric duct located on the ileum close to the ileocecal valve; usually asymptomatic and |
| islet of Langerhans | These are groups of cells in the pancreas that produce insulin, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide, the three pancreatic endocrine secretions. These hormones are important regulators of carbohydrate metabolism. |
| jejunum | second part of small intestines, absorbs nutrients from digested food |
| Lesser omentum | a serous membrane that extends from the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver. |
| localization of a tumor means the patient comes to surgery with | a wire or needle locating the mass |
| intussusception | Invagination of the proximal intestine into the lumen of the distal intestine causing intestinal obstruction |
| lysis | Dissolution, loosening, or destruction of something. |
| volvulus | Torsion of a loop of intestine causing obstruction |
| Mucosa | innermost layer of digestive tract. it is in contact with the food. Made of epithelial tissue. It is the most varied from one region of the GI tract to another. |
| Mucous | describes the specialized mucous membranes that line the body cavities |
| Necrosis | Tissue death |
| -oma | Tumor |
| -ostomy | Create a new opening. |
| -otomy | Make an incision into. |
| pancreas | located partially behind the stomach in the abdomen, and it functions as both an endocrine and exocrine gland. It produces digestive enzymes as well as insulin and glucagon |
| Pancreatic amylase | enzyme from pancreas that breaks down starch |
| pancreatic duct | The main duct of the pancreas. The pancreatic duct carries the exocrine secretions of the pancreas (enzymes and bicarbonate) to the small intestine (duodenum). |
| Whipple pancreatoduodenectomy | ?The head of the pancreas, ?The entire duodenum, ?A portion of the jejunum, The distal third of the stomach, and The lower half of the common bile duct |
| Parietal | peritoneum covering the abdominal cavity |
| Peristalsis | muscle's wave-like motion that moves food through the G-I tract |
| Peritoneum | A thin serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity. |
| Portal venous system | veins that deliver nutrient-rich blood from the intestines to the liver |
| polyp | Outward growth from a mucous membrane |
| strangulated hernia | Hernia with luminal viscera entrapment that compromises the vascularity of the viscera |
| cirrhosis | Disease of the liver marked by scarred or distorted liver as a result of chronic inflammation; Liver cells are replaced with fibrous or adipose connective tissue |
| Serosa | another name for the visceral peritoneum, outermost covering of organs suspended in abdominopelvic cavity |
| small intestine | where most nutrient absorption takes place. Plicae circulares, villi, and microvilli increase surface area that absorbs nutrients |
| -stasis | Stoppage or decrease of flow of bodily fluids. |
| Stenosis | Narrowing or constriction. |
| Strangulated hernia | An incarcerated hernia that lacks adequate blood supply and may become obstructed. This becomes a surgical emergency to prevent necrosis and gangrene of the strangulated tissue. |
| Submucosa | layer next to the mucosa which contains blood vessels, lymph vessels, connective tissue, and nerves |
| transverse colon | the part of the large intestine that extends across the abdominal cavity and joins the ascending to the descending colon |
| Ulcer | Crator-like leison that is usually circular in shape and penetrates the skin; may be deep. |
| insufflation | inflating abdominal cavity with carbon dioxide using a Verres needle to achieve visualization |
| villi | Small fingerlike projections on the walls of the small intestines that increase surface area |
| Viscera | Any organ of a body cavity; usually refers to the abdominal organs. |
| Visceral peritoneum | inner layer of the membrane that surrounds the organs of the abdominal cavity |
| What is the function of the sphincter of Oddi? | controls the flow of bile into the duodenum. |
| What is the pathway of the Lower Gastointestinal Tract? | Ileocecal valve-Cecum-Ascending colon-Hepatic flexure-Transverse colon-Splenic flexure-Descending colon-Sigmoid colon-Rectum-Anus. |
| What is the pathway of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract? | Mouth-Uvula-Pharynx-Epiglottis-Esophagus-Cardiac sphincter-Fundus of the stomach-Cardia of stomach-Body of the stomach-Pylorus of the stomach-Pyloric sphincter- Duodenum(Biliary tree connects here)-Jejunum-Ileum-Ileocecal valve. |
| What is the primary function of the peritoneum? | Provide a slippery surface over which the viscera can freely glide. |
| Where is a Inguinal/Groin incisions made? | An oblique incision of the R or L inguinal region. Ex~ inguinal herniorrhaphy. |
| Which hormone increases the CA levels in the blood? | Parathyroid |
| pneumoperitoneum | gas has been injected into the abdominal cavity to facilitate laparoscopy |
| iliac region | inguinal region, or groin |
| trocar placement in laparoscopic cholecystectomy | umbilical, subxiphoid, and 2 right midabdominal area |
| fine needle aspiration | aspiration to determine if a mass is solid or cystic |
| hemorrhoids | thrombosed vessels in the rectum; painful and itchy |
| taenia coli | strips of longitudinal muscle on the bowel that give it a saccular appearance |
| glisson's capsule | external covering for the liver |
| number of lobes in the liver | two |
| billroth 1 | partial gastrectomy; anastomosis is to the duodenum |
| billroth 2 | partial gastrectomy; anastomosis is to the jejunum using a side to side Roux-en-Y anastomosis |
| appendectomy | removal of the appendix using McBurney's incision; involves inverting the stump with a purse string suture in order to close off the bowel |
| vagotomy | Excision of a segment, or segments, of the vagus nerve branches along the stomach reduce gastric acid secretion in patients with duodenal ulcers |
| bowel technique | should be employed to prevent the spread of contamination; isolate instruments that come into contact with GI secretions or mucosa AND change gloves (and sometimes gown) after anastomoses completion |
| intestinal anastomosis suture sequence | silk-chromic-chromic-silk |
| intestinal serosa suture | 4-0 silk |
| intestinal mucosa suture | 3-0 chromic |
